人力资本扩张对企业出口国内增加值率的影响——基于“高校扩招”政策的准自然实验研究

Impact of Human Capital Expansion on Improvement of Firms’ DVAR:A Quasi-natural Experiment Research Based on Higher Education Expansion Policy

提升出口国内增加值率是增加出口效益和促进贸易高质量发展的重要方式,如何提升出口国内增加值率已日益成为一项重要的议题。文章以我国1999年“大学扩招”政策作为准自然实验,研究人力资本扩张对企业出口国内增加值率的作用渠道及影响效果,利用2000-2007年中国微观企业数据库数据,采用双重差分法进行实证检验。结果表明,人力资本扩张显著提高了企业出口国内增加值率,并且该作用对一般贸易企业更为明显。渠道检验表明,人力资本扩张通过“技术创新渠道”与“成本加成率渠道”提升企业出口国内增加值率。在进行一系列稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。研究不仅揭示了影响企业出口效益上升的内在影响因素,也为我国贸易高质量发展战略提供了经验依据和路径参考。

Increasing the domestic value-added rate of export is an important way to increase export efficiency and promote the high-quality development of trade.How to improve the domestic value-added rate of export has become an important issue.Taking the policy of "university enrollment expansion" in 1999 as a quasi natural experiment,this paper studies the channels and effects of human capital expansion on the export of domestic value-added rate of enterprises,and uses the data of China’s micro enterprises database from 2000 to 2007 to conduct an empirical test with double difference method.The results show that the expansion of human capital significantly increases the domestic value-added rate of export,and the effect is more obvious for general trade enterprises.The channel test shows that human capital expansion improves the domestic value-added rate of enterprises through "technological innovation channel" and "firm-level markups channel".After a series of robustness tests,the conclusion is still valid.The study not only reveals the internal factors that affect the export efficiency of enterprises,but also provides an empirical basis and path reference for China’s high-quality trade development strategy.