梅兰芳访美演出对美国戏剧界的影响

Mei Lanfang’s Influence on American Drama during His Visit to the United States

梅兰芳1930年访美演出,促成美国戏剧界借鉴中国京剧的某些艺术表现手法,来表达自己的戏剧主题。美国戏剧界对"旁白""独白"手法的采用,虽然不是直接源于梅兰芳的京剧艺术,但梅兰芳访美演出无疑让这一手法受到更大关注,促成了这一手法的更广泛的采用。美国戏剧界对程式化虚拟动作的采用以及在舞台设计方面的改变,也都或多或少受到梅兰芳京剧艺术的启发。梅兰芳访美演出对美国戏剧界的影响是多方面的,既有对像桑顿·怀尔德那样的直接的和显性的影响,也有像对尤金·奥尼尔那样的间接的和隐性的影响。我们既不能夸大梅兰芳访美演出对美国戏剧界的影响,也不能完全否认这种影响,而必须予以认真而深入的研究和客观而具体的评价。

Mei Lanfang’s performance in the United States in 1930 prompted the American drama to draw on certain artistic ways of Chinese Peking Opera to express its themes.Although the use of narration and monologue in American drama is not directly derived from the art of Peking Opera,Mei’s visit to the United States undoubtedly attracted greater attention to these skills and promoted their wider adoption.The adoption of stylized virtual action in American drama and the changes in stage design are also more or less inspired by the art of Peking Opera.Mei’s performance in the United States has a multi-faceted influence on American drama,including direct and explicit influence on Thornton Wilder,and indirect and implicit influence on Eugene O’Neal.We can neither exaggerate the impact of Mei’s visit on American drama,nor can we deny this impact.We must conduct serious and in-depth research and objective evaluation of this influence.