“大变局”下中国近代文化的“觉醒”

The“Awakening”of Modern Chinese Culture under the“Great Change”

鸦片战争后,中国面临"三千年未有之大变局",中国近代文化开始"觉醒",逐渐从封闭走向开放。本文对此过程进行全面梳理。鸦片战争时期,介绍西方历史地理的书籍未受到应有的重视和关注,中国文化的开放程度有限。洋务运动时期,西方的物质文明与科学技术大规模传入,中国文化走向开放的程度扩大。19世纪末20世纪初,中国知识界开始重视西方的政治制度,此时社会科学类"西书"出版增多、西方思想观念大量传入、人们日常生活开始涌现"西式"风尚和习俗,中国文化走向开放的程度进一步扩大。五四新文化运动时期,随着《新青年》创刊、外国名哲应邀来华讲学、报刊开辟多元化译介等方式,西方思想被大量传入中国,极大地推动了中国思想文化的全面开放。

This article aims to give an overall review of how China’s modern culture proceeded from closing to opening after the Opium War,when it began to awaken as the country was undergoing changes unprecedented in three thousand years.During the Opium War,the openness of Chinese culture was limited partly for lack of wide attention to books about Western geography and history.During the Westernization Movement,the widespread introduction of Western material civilization and science brought about greater openness.In the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries,Chinese intellectuals began to attach importance to Western political systems.During this time,the opening-up was accelerated with the increasing publication of Western books in social sciences,which introduced western thoughts,and the emergence of Western fashions and customs in people’s daily life.During the May 4^th New Culture Movement period,thanks to the publication of New Youth,lectures by famous foreign philosophers,and the translation and introduction of western classics in various newspapers,Western thoughts were introduced widely,which in turn greatly promoted the all-round opening-up of Chinese thoughts and culture.