从“互文性”看《红楼梦》之“集大成”

On the Comprehensiveness of Hong Lou Meng in View of“Intertextuality”

从关于杜甫诗歌"转益多师""递相祖述"的"集大成"一路看下来,《红楼梦》之"集大成"也主要体现在对各种前人文本的广纳博取、脱胎换骨等方面。在作者集腋成裘的苦心经营下,《红楼梦》在叙事与写人等文本创构上显示出典雅深微特点,充满诗情画意。根据脂砚斋等人的评语提示,我们较充分地感受到这部小说文本的许多细处是从诗词、戏曲、小说等前人文本翻转而来。作者在承袭前人文本的过程中,还特意"避俗套法",尤其注意"翻俗为雅",通过脱化前人文本以提升新人耳目的审美境界。当然,在饱含"互文性"的创作中,《红楼梦》显示出其较强的镜照功能,尤其是善于通过别出心裁的吸纳和接收,将《西厢记》《水浒传》《牡丹亭》《金瓶梅》等经典戏曲小说从"诲淫诲盗"的污名化泥潭中拯救出来,使之反转、升华至以雅为美的新文本殿堂。总之,《红楼梦》的"集大成"是多层面、多维度的"互文性",而并没有停留于简单的拼凑抄写。

From the prospective of Du Fu’s comprehensive expression in learning from many masters and following the example of forefathers’theory,the comprehensiveness of Hong Lou Meng(A Dream of Red Mansions)is mainly reflected in the extensive adoption and rebirth of various previous texts.With the accumulation of the author’s painstaking efforts,Hong Lou Meng is full of poetic flavour and has the characteristics of elegance and profundity in its narrative and depiction of figures.According to the comments made by Zhi Yanzhai and some other critics,it is revealed that many details of the novel derived from the previous texts such as poetry,drama and novel.In the process of inheriting the predecessors’texts,the author deliberately avoided conventions and paid special attention to turning vulgarity into elegance in order to improve the aesthetic level.Undoubtedly,while full of intertextuality factors,Hong Lou Meng also has a strong mirroring function.The author is good at rescuing the classic operas and novels such as Xixiang Ji(The West Chamber),Shuihu Zhuan(The Water Margin),Mudan Ting(The Peony Pavilion),and Jin Ping Mei(Gold Vase Plum)from the stigmatized quagmire of"teaching obscenities and theft",and turning them into a new text palace with elegance and beauty.In short,the comprehensiveness of Hong Lou Meng is a multi-level and multi-dimensional intertextuality,rather than a simple patchwork.