论孙楷第《中国通俗小说书目》的“图书学分类”

A Study of the Classification in Sun Kaidi’s Zhongguo Tongsu Xiaoshuo Shumu

孙楷第《中国通俗小说书目》以"图书学分类"著录通俗小说,以区别于鲁迅《中国小说史略》为代表的"文学史分类"。在学术源流上,孙楷第在总目上"沿宋人之旧",以宋代说话家数作为分类的理论依据,是通俗小说专科目录"辨章学术、考镜源流"的体现,与这一时期逐渐深化的小说史观念殊途同归。在分类特点上,孙楷第虽在子目设置上"依小说史略",却在具体实践中与"文学史分类"呈现出"编目"和"撰史"的本质区别。在创新意义上,《中国通俗小说书目》基于对稀见小说文献的搜辑,首创"劝诫小说"子目,以此为个案,可一窥孙楷第对小说文献的发现、著录、归纳之功。孙楷第对通俗小说的编目实践,足以作为一家之言而受到充分肯定。

In his Zhongguo Tongsu Xiaoshuo Shumu(A Bibliography of Popular Chinese Novels),Sun Kaidi put forward the classification of library science,which is different from the classification of literary history in Lu Xun’s Zhongguo Xiaoshuo Shilue(A Brief History of Chinese Novels).In terms of academic background,Sun’s method is the embodiment of the gradually deepening concept of fiction history in his period.In terms of classification characteristics,Sun showed the essential difference between cataloguing and history writing.In terms of innovative impacts,Sun initiated the group of advising fictions on the basis of a couection of rare fiction books.Sun’s practice in cataloguing played an important role in the history of Chinese fiction.