日本在中东地区的油气投资概况及思考

Overview and Thinking of Japan′s Oil and Gas Investments in Middle East

2017年日本从中东进口的原油占到其进口总量的约87%,其中最大的两个进口来源国是沙特和阿联酋,卡塔尔、伊拉克、伊朗等其他中东国家的供应量也不容忽视。而且在未来较长一段时间内,日本的原油进口依然会非常依赖中东地区,这种依赖在很大程度上影响了日本在中东的外交及能源政策。日本在中东各大产油国做了广泛的投资和布局,分析其特点:首先,日本将油气供应作为优先考虑的战略议题,通过大量的投资和全面合作来确保自身在资源国的利益。其次,日本在研究规划现阶段和未来能源需求的基础上制定长期能源战略,在中东地区锁定了长达数十年的油气权益。日本还形成了一套自己的中东外交政策,通过经济和外交手段,逐步提高自己在中东的影响力和话语权。日本的经验值得中国企业借鉴,要做好长期规划,重视长期合作,建立充足且稳定的原油生产供应来源。提前根据自身需求进行能源布局非常重要,要积极利用自身的资金和技术优势,与油气资源国合作开发油气资源,并进一步争取油气权益。同时还要考虑多元化油气来源,在中东地区多个资源国进行投资以降低风险。

The crude oil that Japan imported from the Middle East accounted for about 87 percent of its total oil imports in 2017.Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are the biggest two importer among them,and the supply from Qatar,Iraq,Iran and other countries in the Middle East can′ t be ignored.Japan will import crude oil from the Middle East mostly for the future long time,and it will influence the foreign and energy policy of Japan to the Middle East greatly.Japan invested widely and made planning in the oil producer of the Middle East.It has following characteristics.Firstly,Japan gives priority to oil and gas supply as the strategic issue,their interest in the source countries may be ensured through lots of investments and comprehensive cooperation.Secondly,Japan has made long-term energy strategy based on the research of current and future energy demands,and their oil and gas interests in the Middle East has been determined for decades.Japan has formed a set of own policy to the Middle East to enhance their influence and diplomatic discourse in the Middle East by economy and diplomacy.Japan ′s experience is worth learning for Chinese enterprises,that is to say,long-term planning and long-term cooperation should be made to have sufficient and stable source of oil supply.It is important to have energy layout according to the demands itself in advance,oil and gas resources should be developed with oil-gas resource countries together taking the advantage of capital and technology positively to gain oil and gas interests further.Oil and gas resource should diversify and be invested in several sources in the Middle East to reduce the risk.