德日刑法理论视角下的过失实行行为研究

A Study of Negligent Practice from the Perspective of German and Japanese Criminal Law Theory

行为是一切责任的基础。虽然过失犯罪被广泛地规定,以造成法定危害结果为构成要件要素,但是在我国对过失犯罪的界定过程中,鲜有对过失犯罪中行为的讨论。德国和日本刑法学界已经普遍承认过失实行行为的概念,目前已经形成了以故意义务违反说为通说的理论和以德国客观归责理论为依托的理论。过失实行行为作为实行行为的一种,首先是符合过失犯构成要件该当性的行为,但是由于过失犯罪的构成要件属于开放的构成要件,因此对过失实行行为的类型化必须抽象出其同质的违法性本质。

Behavior is the foundation of all responsibility.Although the negligent crime is widely stipulated to cause the legal harm result as the constituent element,in the process of defining the negligent crime in our country,there is little discussion on the behavior in the negligent crime.The concept of negligent practice has been generally recognized in the criminal law circles of Germany and Japan.At present,the theory based on the theory of intentional breach of obligation and the theory based on the German theory of objective imputation have been formed.As a kind of practice behavior,the negligent practice behavior is firstly the behavior conforming to the constitutive elements of the negligent crime.However,since the constitutive elements of the negligent crime belong to the open constitutive elements,the typology of the negligent practice behavior must abstract the illegality nature of its homogeneity.