工商业人权条约的适用范围研究--兼论中国参与工商业人权条约进程的必要性与途径

Application Scope of Business and Human Rights Treaty with a Discussion on the Need and Approach of China s Participation in Business and Human Rights Treaty Process

《联合国指导原则》实施以来,要求通过国际立法弥补治理间隙以规范企业人权责任的呼声日渐高涨,工商业人权条约进程应时而生。《文书草案的要素》《零号草案》和《修正草案》代表着工商业人权条约进程的发展现状,国际层面对条约适用范围的理解未成共识。工商业人权条约的适用主体应是所有国家和所有企业;适用行为涵盖所有商业活动,包括不具有跨国性质的商业活动;界定受保护的权利时应采用列举式和概括式的组合,以多中心治理理论为基础并通过实证方法检验。中国有必要积极参与工商业人权条约进程,通过联合国、政府、企业与民间团体的不同路径,提出中国方案,促进工商业人权条约的发展。

Since the implementation of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights,there has been a growing call for international legislation to regulate the human rights responsibilities of business cor-porations,and the business and human rights treaty process has been on the rise.International instruments such as"Elements of the Draft Instrument",.Zero Draft"and.Revised Draf"are the newly achievements of this process,but the contents regarding the application scope of business and human rights treaty varies from one instrument to anoth-er and is not conducive to the developmeht of the treaty process.The application scope of business and human rights treaty encompasses three parts:the subject of application,the applicable act and the protected rights.All States and corporations shall be governed by business and human rights treaty all business activities,inter alia,those with a transnational nature shall be under the jurisdiction of this lreaty.The protected rights are a most controversial part which should be regulated by a combination of enumeration and generalizaion.In practice,polycentrie governance the-ory and empirical method provide a feasible path to ffectively delimit the boundaries of human rights responsibilities of business corporations.Meanwhile,as a vital participant in global economic arena,it is necessary for China to active-ly participate in the business and human rights treaty process to give China's proposals.