文明行为促进立法的目标与路径

Goals and Approaches to Legislation on the Promotion of Civilized Behavior

2020年4月24日,北京市第十五届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十一次会议通过了《北京市文明行为促进条例》(以下简称《条例》)。作为促进型立法的《条例》,明显不同于管理型立法和惩罚型立法,它不规定或少规定制裁,而是以鼓励、奖励、支持、促进为主要的调整手段。对照促进型立法的特征,《条例》存在着“管理”色彩过浓,调整范围过宽,重复规定过多,道德要求过高以及软法比例过大等问题。其他地方的相关立法以及将来北京市《条例》的修改完善,应当突出“促进”特色,聚焦关键问题,减少重复规定,坚守底线标准,降低软法比重。

On April 24,2020,Beijing Civilized Behavior Promotion Regulations was voted through at the 21st Session of the Standing Committee of the 15th Beijing Municipal People’s Congress.Different from the regulatory and punitive legislation,the Regulations,as apiece of active legislation,take encouragement,reward,support and promotion rather than sanctions as the main means of behavior adjustment.Compared with the characteristics of the active legislation,however,it can be found that the Regulations has some weaknesses,such as reflecting a kind of regulatory thinking,too broad a scope of adjustment,too many repeated provisions,too high moral requirements and too great a proportion of soft law and so on.Therefore,it should highlight the"promotion"feature,focus on key issues,reduce duplication of provisions,stick to the bottom line,and reduce the proportion of soft law in the revision of the Regulations as well as relevant legislation in other cities.