摘要
《瘟疫年记事》(1722)中,丹尼尔·笛福(Daniel Defoe)借主人公H.F.在1665年伦敦大瘟疫中的经历,展示了流行于17世纪的神意卫生观。与将疫病之源与污浊环境联系起来的科学卫生观不同,它强调疾病是上帝对人类忤神行为的判罚,只有通过忏悔祈祷,真诚悔过才能平息上帝之怒。此时的神意卫生观绝非科学卫生观,因为神意全方位掌控着人间疾病。但如果从政治角度解读,其本质却是神意被政治借用,并沦为统治者的工具,这体现在当时备受推崇的“身体政治”中。脱胎于“基督教宇宙图景”的“身体政治”从秩序的角度将身体与国家类比,从而使身体政治化,通过疾病并表征政治无序与有序。《瘟疫年纪事》便是这样一部通过“身体政治”言说神意卫生观的作品。
In A Journal of the Plague Year(1722),Daniel Defoe attributes plague cause to the penalty from God through H.F.’s experience the Great Plague in London in 1665.Unlike Scientific Hygiene about the relationship between disease and dirty environment,this Divine Hygiene emphasizes that People Disobeying God are doomed to be punished and will calm down the wrath of God only by repentance and pray,because providence totally controls the whole process of disease.In political interpretation of this Divine Hygiene,providence fells into the ruler’s instrument.Moreover,“Body Politics”from“Christian Cosmic World Picture”stands the best elucidator from this political perspective,it equates Plague in body with the orders and disorders in the state.A Journal of the Plague Year is one story expounding the Divine Hygiene through“Body Politics”.
作者
张建萍
Zhang Jianping(Department of Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)
出处
《外国语文研究》
2020年第4期39-49,共11页
Foreign Language and Literature Research
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目:当代英国黑人小说中的“历史书写”研究(项目编号:18YJC752047)的阶段性成果论文。
关键词
神意卫生观
伦敦大瘟疫
判罚
政治解读
Divine Hygiene
The Great Plague in London
Penalty
Political Interpretation
