第一主族元素原子光谱精细结构强度比值计算

A CALCULATION METHOD FOR THE FINE STRUCTURE INTENSITY RATIO OF THE FIRST MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS SPECTRUM

氢原子及碱金属原子光谱是近代物理实验教学的重要内容,现有的实验教学中往往主要关注谱线的波长,而忽略了谱线的强度比,谱线的强度比可以反映跃迁速率、布居数等信息,因此具有一定的研究价值。本文基于爱因斯坦辐射理论,采用电偶极辐射近似,在上下能级均存在由于精细结构而产生能级分裂的情况下,提出了一种更为精确的对第一主族元素原子光谱不同线系精细结构强度比值进行计算的方法。计算结果形式简单,与已有理论吻合很好。计算方法逻辑性更强,更具有普适性。

The spectrum of hydrogen atom and alkali metal atom is an important content of modern physics experiment teaching.The existing experiment teaching often focuses on the wavelength of the spectrum line,but ignores the intensity ratio of the spectrum line.The intensity ratio of spectral lines can reflect the information of transition rate and population,so it has certain research value.Based on the Einstein radiation theory,the electric dipole radiation approximation is used.This paper presents a more accurate method for calculating the fine structure intensity ratios of different line systems in the atomic spectra of the first main group elements under the condition that the upper and lower levels are split due to the fine structure.The calculation results are simple and in good agreement with the existing theory.The calculation method is more logical and universal.