中国中部农区乡村重构特征及其地域模式——以江汉平原为例

Characteristics and regional model of rural restructuring in main agricultural production regions in Central China:A case study of Jianghan Plain

以人地关系理论为基础,以乡村地域系统内部要素变化解析乡村重构特征、外部环境变化解读乡村重构机理、外源驱动因素与内生响应要素耦合解译乡村重构模式。基于江汉平原的实证研究表明:(1)研究期内乡村地域持续经历重构过程,表现为乡村重构综合指数不断增加,高值区主要沿域内交通干线分布、低值区主要分布长江沿线和平原腹地;(2)乡村重构机制主要表现为工业化、城镇化、市场化等外源驱动因素与经济、社会、空间等内生要素的耦合作用,非农产业规模扩张引发乡村人口外迁和就业转移,进而推动人口、土地和产业等乡村"存量"要素重组;(3)经济—社会重构主导是江汉平原乡村重构的主流模式,产业结构和生产方式变化加剧乡村生态环境和人居环境恶化,乡村振兴及其可持续发展面临水环境污染和水灾害侵袭的双重挑战。研究框架能够揭示江汉平原乡村地理剧变特征,中国中部农产品主产区的乡村重构具有与发达地区不尽相同的图景。研究结果意在为乡村地理研究和乡村振兴实践提供有益启示。

Rural restructuring is a complex economic-social-spatial phenomenon.Based on the human-land relationship theory,this study analyzed the rural restructuring characteristics by the internal factor changes of rural regional system,interpreted the mechanism by the changes of external environment,elucidated the model coupling with external driving factors and endogenous factors,and tried to improve the geographic analysis framework of rural restructuring.Three highlight results were unveiled.First,the rural restructuring in the Jianghan Plain has the characteristics of temporal continuity and spatial non-equilibrium.The comprehensive index of rural restructuring kept growing during the study period,indicating a spatial distribution pattern of high value along the main traffic trunk from"U"shape to ring shape and low value expressed as"point(plain hinterland)and line(along the Yangtze River)".Second,the rural restructuring mechanism in the Jianghan Plain mainly reflects the coupling effect of external driving factors such as industrialization,urbanization and marketization with endogenous factors such as economy,society and space.The expansion of non-agricultural industries triggers the rural population migration and employment transfer,then promotes the restructuring of rural"stock"elements such as population,land and industry.Third,economic-social restructuring is the main model of rural restructuring in Jianghan Plain.The changes in industrial structure and production mode have exacerbated the deterioration of rural ecological environment and human settlement,with the results that rural revitalization and its sustainable development face the dual challenges of water pollution and flood disasters.The research framework reveals the geographical characteristics of rural areas in the Jianghan Plain,and the special views of rural restructuring in main agricultural production regions in Central China.The research results will provide theoretical inspiration for the geographical reconstruc-tion of rural restructuring and decision support for the rural revitalization in the case area.