湖泊型旅游地社区参与的去权过程及启示——以安徽省太平湖为例

The process and enlightenment of community disempowerment in lake-type tourism destination:Taking Anhui Taiping Lake as an example

增权是社区参与旅游研究的重要领域。增权对应的概念是去权,对社区去权的研究能够为增权探索提供扎实的理论基础和路径借鉴。运用文献分析、深度访谈和田野调查等方法,以安徽省太平湖为例,借助社区增权分析框架,探索湖泊型旅游地社区参与的去权过程。研究发现:(1)太平湖渔民群体在政治、经济、心理和社会四个维度上都显现出权利被削弱甚至处于无权的状态。(2)经济利益分配不公是社区居民"权能感"丧失最直接的因素,为改变利益主体之间的权力关系,对政治权益的要求常成为经济诉求的辅助手段;经济、政治和社会三方面去权共同导致了社区心理无权感。(3)太平湖社区参与的去权呈现了螺旋下降的过程。(4)相对区位条件、参与旅游程度、个人能力等因素导致对"权能感"感知明显不同,社区内部出现分化。最后,从制度、政府和社区层面探讨了湖泊型旅游地社区去权的根源。

Empowerment is an important field of community participation in tourism research.Disempowerment is the corresponding concept of empowerment,and the study of disempowerment can provide a solid theoretical basis and path for the exploration of empowerment.In the case of the Taiping Lake,using the methods of literature analysis,in-depth interview and field investigation,based on the community empowerment analytic framework,this study explored the process of community disempowerment in lake-type tourist destinations and found that the right of fishermen was weakened on political,economic,social,and psychological aspects.Unfair distribution of economic benefits is the most direct factor of the loss of community residents'sense of power.To change the power relationship between interest subjects,the request of political rights and interests generally becomes the auxiliary means of economic appeal,and the disempowerments of economy,politics and society can lead to the emergence of community psychology"sense of power".The empowerment of Taiping Lake community participation presents a spiral decline process.The perceptions of"sense of power"are significantly different due to the relative location,the degree of participation in tourism,personal ability and other factors,and the community is divided.Finally,this paper explores the roots of disempowerment of Taiping Lake community in terms of the institution,government and community.