体细胞胚胎发生:植物体细胞命运的重塑

Somatic embryogenesis: remodeling of plant somatic cells

植物细胞在合适的培养条件下具有发育成完整新个体的潜力,这种潜力被称为植物细胞全能性。体细胞胚胎发生是植物细胞全能性的一个充分体现,其本质是体细胞的发育命运发生重塑,重新获取细胞全能性,从而再分化为完整个体的过程。对于这一复杂过程的调控机制,目前的认识仍十分有限。本文系统总结了体细胞胚胎发生的多种调控途径,包括激素的诱导、胁迫的作用、胚胎发育相关转录因子及表观遗传调控等对体细胞胚胎发生的作用。

By appropriate stimuli,plant cells have a powerful capacity to give rise to whole plants without fertilization.This capacity of plant cells is recognized as their totipotency.Somatic embryogenesis is an excellent example of the plant cell totipotency.During this process,the somatic cells are remodeled and converted into totipotent cells for somatic embryo formation.So far,we still know little about the molecular basis for the cell totipotency.In this review,we describe the stimuli,such as plant hormones,stresses,embryonic transcription factors and epigenetic regulation,which are required for the plant somatic cells remodeling.Furthermore,we discuss some outstanding questions to be addressed to deeply understand the mechanisms in plant cell totipotency.