轮胎-沥青路面摩擦测试及抗滑模型研究综述

A Review of Tire-asphalt Pavement Friction Measurement and Skid Resistance Model Study

基于近年国内外沥青路面的抗滑研究现状,对摩擦测试方法与抗滑理论模型所存在的问题进行了分析。首先,从定点及连续测试两方面对比了路面摩擦测试装置,发现不同设备所测数据之间的相关性研究并不充分;接下来,总结了路表纹理特性,相应检测方法及纹理参数的应用;随后,从路面材料角度讨论了集料、沥青及沥青混合料性质与路面摩擦性能的关系;在此基础上,评价了温度、污染物及水等环境对路面抗滑能力的影响;最后,从轮胎、橡胶材料摩擦作用、轮胎-路面摩擦3个方面总结了轮胎-路面摩擦模型的研究进展。发现集料的类型与质量、沥青混合料配合比设计是导致沥青路面路表纹理复杂多样的重要因素。而在温度、水的耦合作用下,轮胎与具有路表纹理的路面之间的摩擦行为将更加复杂,现有模型在表征胎路摩擦机理上仍有欠缺。针对以上问题,建议对各摩擦测试方法归一化,并对纹理参数与摩擦系数的显著性分析进行量化,提高各数据的利用效率;同时结合计算机虚拟仿真技术,分析多因素综合作用下的胎路摩擦行为,进一步深入路面抗滑机理和抗滑模型的研究。

Based on the current international and domestic researches of skid resistance of asphalt pavement,the problems of friction test methods and theoretical modeling of skid resistance are analyzed.First,the pavement friction test devices are compared by fixed point test and continuous test,it is found that the correlation of the testing data originated from different facilities has not been sufficiently studied.Second,the texture characteristics of pavement surface,the relative testing methods and the application of texture parameters are summarized.Moreover,the relationships between the properties of aggregates,asphalt and asphalt mixture and the friction performance of pavement are discussed from the perspective of pavement materials.On this basis,the influence of environment conditions such as temperature,pollutants and water on the skid resistance of pavement are evaluated.Finally,the research progress of tire-road friction model is summarized from the aspects of tire,rubber material friction and tire-road friction.It is found that(1)the type and quality of aggregate and the proportion design of asphalt mixture are the important factors resulting in the complication and diversity of asphalt pavement surface texture;(2)under the coupling effect of temperature and water,the friction behavior between the tire and the road surface with texture will be more complicated,and the existing models still lack in characterizing the tire-road friction mechanism.In view of the above problems,it is recommended to normalize the different friction test methods,and quantify the significant analysis on texture parameters to friction coefficients to improve the utilization efficiency of the data.Last but not least,combining with computer virtual simulation technology,tire-pavement frictional behaviors under multiple affecting factors should be studied to further investigate the mechanism and the model of skid resistance of pavement.