宅基地使用权转让政策嬗变、实践突破与路径选择

Policy Evolution,Practice Breakthrough and Path Choice of Homestead Transfer

宅基地使用权转让是实现宅基地高效利用的有效措施。宅基地使用权转让经历了从自由转让到受让范围不断缩小的演变,宅基地无偿分配、保障对象特定和城乡二元住房保障制度是禁止宅基地自由转让的主要原因。宅基地有偿使用、供给短缺、人口迁移、实现住房财产权是实践中突破“宅基地仅限集体内部转让”的内在逻辑。宅基地在集体内部单独转让有赖于宅基地有偿使用及供需失衡,城镇居民购买宅基地短期内不具备放开条件,宅基地在县域范围内的集体成员之间转让最具现实合理性,但同时也面临被国家政策忽视、制度不健全等问题。逐步扩大宅基地转让范围,允许宅基地连同农民住房所有权在县域内集体成员之间转让,是宅基地转让制度改革的必然选择。

The transfer of the right to use homestead is an effective measure to realize the efficient use of homestead.It has experienced the evolution from free transfer to the narrowing of the scope of transfer.The main reasons for banning the free transfer of homestead are the free distribution of homestead,the specific object of security and the dual housing security system in urban and rural areas.The inner logic of breaking through“the homestead is only limited to the collective internal transfer”in practice is the paid use of homestead,the shortage of supply,the migration of population and the realization of housing property rights.The transfer of homestead without housing within the collective depends on the paid use of homestead and the imbalance between supply and demand.There is no condition in the short term for the opening-up of allowing urban residents to purchase homestead.The transfer of homestead among the rural collective members within a county is realistic and reasonable,but at the same time,it also faces the problems of being ignored by the national policy and imperfect system.It is an inevitable choice for the reform of homestead transfer system to gradually expand the scope of homestead transfer and allow the transfer of homestead with farmers’housing ownership among the collective members in the same county.