创业失败对农民再创业绩效的影响

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Failure on the Subsequent Business Performance in Rural Area

乡村振兴背景下,我国农村地区的创业活动蓬勃发展,然而频繁发生的创业失败现象尚未引起足够重视。农村地区创业失败研究的匮乏给农民创业实践和制定农村创业支持政策带来巨大挑战。基于经验学习理论,利用浙江、安徽、陕西和河南4省235位有过失败经历农民创业者的实地访谈数据,实证检验创业失败对农民再创业绩效的直接影响与间接影响。研究发现:创业失败程度与农民再创业绩效之间表现为倒U型关系;创业失败学习在创业失败程度与再创业绩效之间发挥积极中介效应;创业警觉性虽在创业失败程度与再创业绩效之间的中介作用不显著,但失败学习与创业警觉性的链式多重中介效应通过了显著性检验,即失败学习通过激发农民创业者的创业警觉性,进而提高再创业绩效。因此,农民创业者应重视创业失败恢复,加强失败心态管理,以抑制过度失败对再创业绩效的负效应,同时应加强创业失败学习以期提升再创业绩效;政府可通过开设创业学习培训和创造包容的创业文化来提升农村地区的创业质量。

The entrepreneurial failure phenomenon in rural area is quite frequent,however,existing studies mainly focus on entrepreneurs in urban areas.Given that,this study draws on experiential learning theory,and uses a dataset from 235 rural entrepreneurs who had previous business failure experiences to verify the direct and indirect impact of entrepreneurial failure on their new venture performance.The findings of the study show that(a)there exists an inverted U-shaped curve between failure experience and new business performance of rural entrepreneurs;(d)learning from failure plays a significantly positive mediating effect between failure experience and new venture performance;and(c)while the mediating effect of entrepreneurial alertness is not significant,the result of the test conducted by Bootstrap shows that through learning from failure,the entrepreneurial alertness of rural entrepreneurs can be enhanced,thereby further improving their new performance.The results of this study provide practical guidance for rural series entrepreneurs,and offer important implications for policy makers in rural area.