面向自组织平衡的共享电动汽车调度优化方法

A Self-organized Equilibrium-oriented Relocation Optimization Method for Electric Vehicle Sharing

针对共享电动汽车运营中出现的站点车辆供需不平衡及人工调度成本过高等问题,提出面向自组织平衡的共享电动汽车调度优化方法.利用共享电动汽车站点选择行为数据,构建用户取车站点选择MNL(Multinominal Logit)模型,分析用户的站点选择行为;构建面向各站点车辆供需自组织平衡的站点间车辆调度优化方法,即通过车辆动态折扣策略引导用户改变默认的最近取还车站点,在运营结束后以运营企业的调度总成本最小为目标,建立人工调度优化模型并应用禁忌搜索算法求解;最后,选取北京市海淀区部分共享电动汽车站点进行算例分析.结果表明:本文提出的优化方法与无动态折扣策略相比,调度总成本降低了4.5%,人工调度成本降低了21.1%,人工调度任务数减少了8.3%.

The Electric Vehicle(EV) sharing is facing the challenges of unbalanced vehicle distribution at different stations and the relocation operation cost is relatively high. This study proposes a self-organized equilibriumoriented relocation optimization method for the EV sharing. Using the sample data from questionnaire, the study develops a Multinominal Logit(MNL) model to describe users’ choice of vehicle pickup stations and analyzes users’ choice behaviors. The study then proposesa relocation optimization method which considers the selforganized supply and demand equilibrium for all operation stations. A dynamic discount strategy is included in the analysis to change users’ most frequent choice that is using the nearest default stations. The goal of the vehicle relocation optimization model is minimizing the total relocation operation costs, and the tabu search algorithm is applied to solve the model. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified throughthe case study of EV sharing stations in Haidian District of Beijing. The results indicated that compared with the non-dynamic discount strategy, the total relocation cost generated by the proposed model reduced 4.5%, the relocation cost of the personnel reduced 21.1%, and the relocation tasks reduced by 8.3%.