金融科技“扁平化监管”的制度构建

Institutional Construction of “Flat Supervision” for FinTech

金融科技深刻改变了金融业,金融监管亟需新的监管模式增强监管的有效性,维护金融安全。"扁平化监管"是应对数字时代背景下以金融科技为靶向的监管创新,也是"轻金融"背景下新兴金融公司"反科层制"带来的监管结果。"扁平化监管"是扁平化治理与科技治理的结合,将从监管构造与监管手段方面带来改变,增强监管效能,是世界金融科技发达国家的主流改革方向。具体而言,"扁平化监管"的监管主体应尊重现有的监管框架,通过多部门共建、共享信息系统来完成常态化监管;监管手段则重点围绕缓解信息不对称问题,使用数据科技加强数据触达与分析能力。此外,监管的重点内容应与全球金融科技接轨,努力加强合规监管与信息、数据保护,通过对技术的监管加强风险防范。当然,"扁平化监管"的实现无法一蹴而就,需要在满足一定市场及行政基础的条件下以"三步走"的方式过渡实现,其中,中国人民银行应扮演好(过渡)协调机构的角色。

FinTech has greatly changed the financial industry,so financial supervision urgently needs a new supervision mode to enhance the effectiveness of supervision and maintain financial security."Flat Supervision"is an innovation in the digital era,which is targeted at FinTech.It is also the result of supervision brought about by the"anti-bureaucracy"of new financial companies under the background of"light finance".It is a combination of flat governance and technological governance,and it is the mainstream reform direction in the Fin tech developed countries in the world.The implementation of"flat supervision"will change the supervision structure and methods and enhance efficiency.The way to construct the"flat supervision"system is as follows:the setting of regulators should respect the existing supervision framework and improve the supervision efficiency through multi-department sharing and co-construction of information system.Regulatory measures should focus on alleviating the problem of information asymmetry,and use data technology to strengthen data access and data analysis capabilities.Besides,the key contents of financial supervision should be in line with the global frontier FinTech.This includes strengthening compliance supervision and data protection,and preventing risks through technology supervision.Of course,"flat supervision"can not be achieved overnight.It needs to meet certain conditions of the market and administrative basis,and requires a"three-step"way to achieve the transition.During this period,the People’s Bank of China will play the role of coordinator.