女性领导者更可能表现公仆型领导行为吗?——关于性别与公仆型领导行为关系的实证研究

Are Female Leaders More Likely to Behave Servant Leadership Behaviors?:An Empirical Study About Sex,Gender and Servant Leadership

性别与领导行为之间的关系一直是领导学界研究的一个热点话题。近年来,随着服务管理界学者对公仆型领导理论研究的深入,在揭示了公仆型领导在服务性企业管理工作中的重要作用之后,学术界开始倡导研究人员从组织因素和包括性别在内的个人因素两方面,研究公仆型领导的影响因素,以为服务性企业培养公仆型领导提供指导。本文通过对广东省内12家旅游企业的171名员工和47名主管进行问卷调查,探讨领导者的生理性别和社会性别对其公仆型领导行为的影响。多层次线性模型和分层回归分析结果表明:(1)领导者的生理性别对其公仆型领导行为没有显著的影响;(2)领导者的男性化气质对其公仆型领导行为没有显著的影响,但领导者的女性化气质对其针对团队和员工个人的公仆型领导行为都有显著的正向影响。该研究结果表明,服务性企业在选聘和提拔领导者时,可从社会性别的角度,测量和识别候选人的性别气质,并优先考虑女性化气质突出的领导者,因为这样的领导者更可能表现公仆型领导行为。

The relationship between sex/gender and leadership behaviors is always a hot topic of leadership study.Recently,with the deep exploration about servant leadership theory and revealing the important role of servant leadership in the management of service enterprises,academics begin to advocate investigating the antecedents of servant leadership in terms of both individual factors(including sex/gender)and organizational factors(including human orientation)to provide guidance for fostering servant leaders in service enterprises.This study explores the effect of leader's sex and gender on servant leadership behaviors through a questionnaire survey of 171 employees and 47 supervisors of 12 tourism enterprises in Guangdong Province.The results of hierarchical linear modeling analysis and hierarchical regression analysis indicate that(1)leader's sex has no significant effect on servant leadership behaviors.(2)leader's masculinity has no significant effect on servant leadership behaviors,but leader's femininity has significant effect on both employee's individual perception of servant leadership behaviors and group's collective perceptions of servant leadership behaviors.This study shows that service enterprises can measure and identify the masculinity and femininity of candidates when selecting and promoting leaders,and give priority to leaders with high femininity,who are more likely to behave servant leadership behaviors.