全球价值链数字化转型 与“功能分工陷阱”的跨越

Digital Transition of Global Value Chain and the Leap of"Functional Division Traps"

在全球价值链数字化转型背景下,发达国家技术垄断优势和网络极化效应进一步强化,发展中国家被锁定在中低端“功能”的风险显著加剧。我国跨越全球价值链的“功能分工陷阱”,向更高端转型攀升,面临着诸多挑战。我国应减少一般性的产业政策,聚焦对国民经济有重大影响、技术深度高、产业链长的战略性产业,构筑更加专业化的技术优势;充分发挥我国超大规模市场和相对完备生产体系的优势,以技术深度更高的中间产品为重点,加大需求侧的政策支持力度;以重点城市群为依托优化重大科研基础设施的空间布局,深度融入更高层级的全球价值链网络;平衡好短期“稳就业”和中长期经济更高质量发展的目标,引导更多劳动力流向技术密集型和创新密集型行业。

In the context of the digital transition of the global value chain,the technological monopoly advantages and network polarization effects of developed countries have been further strengthened,and the risk of developing countries being locked in the low-valued"functions"has increased significantly.There are many challenges for China to overcome the"functional division trap"in the global value chain and upgrade to a higher level.This paper proposes that general industrial policies should be reduced,and focus on strategic industries that have a major impact on the national economy,high technological-depth,and long industrial chains,build more specialized technological advantages.The advantages of China's ultra-large-scale market and relatively complete production system should be fully used.More demand-side policy supports the upgrade of intermediate products with higher technical depth.Choosing some key metropolitans as basic policy unit,through optimizing the spatial layout of major scientific research infrastructure,push these regions deeply integrate into higher-level global value chain networks.Furthermore,to balance the goals of short-term"employment stability"and higher-quality economic development in the medium and long term is also very important.More positive policy need to be taken in order to guide more labor flowing into technology-intensive&innovation-intensive industries.