中华茶文化的源流、概念界定与主要特质

The Origin, Definition and Main Characteristics of Chinese Tea Culture

根据二重证据法,中国人开发利用茶叶的信史,目前可追溯至西汉;茶作为一种成熟的文化图景,出现于唐代;茶文化作为一种概念被广泛使用,则始自20世纪80年代以后,与中华文化的复兴大潮一致。本文梳理了众说纷纭的茶文化概念,厘清其边界和内涵,重申了茶文化的人文科学属性,并界定了其涵盖包括思想哲理(茶道)、茶艺、茶文学、茶功用、茶俗、茶礼、茶馆、茶具等方面及其中所体现的发展史等方面的基本内容。在此基础上,分析了中华茶文化历史传承的悠久性、统一而多元的整体性、生产和消费的区域性、发展的时代性、传播的国际性等五个方面的主要特质。

According to the double evidence method,the history of the Chinese development and utilization of tea can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty.In the Tang Dynasty,tea drinking servedas a mature cultural scene.In accordance with the revival of Chinese culture,tea culture has been widely used as a concept since the 1980s.This paper sorts out the concept of tea culture with different opinions,clarifies its boundary and connotation,iterates its humanistic attributes,and defines its basic contents,including the philosophy(tea ceremony),tea art,tea literature,tea function,tea custom,tea ceremony,tea house,tea set and its development history.Based on this concept,the paper analyzes five main characteristics of Chinese tea culture,such as the long history of the inheritance,the unity and diversity of the integrity,the regional production and consumption,the epochal nature of the development,and the international nature of communication.