晚清安徽茶业改良

Improvement of Anhui Tea Industry in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清时期,由于新兴产茶国的相继崛起对华茶的竞争打压,及皖茶种植、加工及包装方式落后,茶叶掺假作伪,茶叶成本居高不下,因而无法与新兴产茶国进行有效竞争,安徽茶业由盛转衰。茶业危机引起安徽部分官商的重视,呼吁进行茶业改良,他们主张采取严禁茶叶掺假作伪、设立茶业公司、使用机器生产、宣传近代茶业生产知识、改进茶叶制作技术、减轻茶叶税捐等措施,以促进安徽茶业的振兴。这些措施推动了安徽茶业从传统向近代转变,为民国时期安徽茶业的继续改良奠定了基础。但茶业改良未能成功,对于一个半殖民地半封建社会的国家来说,任何改良举措都起不到起死回生的作用。唯有通过革命,取得国家独立、民族解放,才能实现茶业的现代化。

In the late Qing Dynasty,due to the successive rise of new tea-producing countries,which suppressed the competition of Chinese tea,and the backward planting,processing and packaging methods,adulteration and high cost of tea,it was impossible for Anhui tea to compete effectively with new tea-producing countries,thus causing the transition of Anhui tea from flourish to decadence.The tea crisis aroused the attention of officials and businessmen in Anhui,calling for the improvement of tea industry.In order to promote the revitalization of tea industry in Anhui Province,they advocated such measures as prohibiting tea adulteration,setting up tea companies,using machines for production,publicizing modern tea production knowledge,improving tea production technology and reducing tea taxes.These measures promoted the transformation of Anhui tea industry from tradition to modern times,and laid a foundation for the continuous improvement of Anhui tea industry during the Republic of China.However,the improvement of tea industry failed,for a country with semi-colonial and semi-feudal society,any improvement measures could not bring the tea industry back to life.Only through revolution and national independence and liberation can we realize the modernization of tea industry.