杭州八卦田遗址历史与复种景观研究

A Study on the History and Replantd Landscape of the Baguatian Ruin in Hangzhou

八卦田遗址公园的农业景观,在西湖风景名胜区中独树一帜。以八卦田遗址为研究对象,基于"南宋郊坛遗址"这一历史定位,通过古籍查阅、实地考察等形式,梳理了八卦田遗址主要的历史变迁:南宋时期祭天郊坛的建造;元明清时期郊坛被毁及八丘田的形成;民国至20世纪80年代八卦田的兴衰和水塘带的增设。分析八卦田遗址当代植物景观营造及主要功能,对比八卦田遗址历史景观与复种景观,得出:八卦田的功能定位随着各朝代社会生活需求变化调整,主要用于祭祀和耕作;复种景观的营造中延续了历史记载的油菜花景,融入了农耕文明时代与百姓生活至关重要的"九谷",并在植物景观配置与种植上选用杭州乡土农业植物以突显地域特色。同时讨论了八卦田遗址景观的继承与弘扬,以期为同类型遗址景观的发展提供参考。

The agricultural landscape of Baguatian is unique among the West Lake scenic spots.This paper studies on Baguatian ruins,based on the historical position of“Southern Song Jiaotan Ruins”.And the article sorts out the main historical changes of the Baguatian through literature review and eld investigations including the construction of the Jiaotan in the Southern Song Dynasty,the destruction of Jiaotan and the formation of Baguatian during the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties and the rise and fall of Baguatian and the addition of the annular pond from the Republic of China to the 1980s.This article analyzed the new plant landscape construction and main functions of Baguatian,compared its historic landscape with the replanted landscape.It also concluded that the functional positioning of Baguatian adjusted with the changes in the social life needs of each dynasty,mainly used for sacrice and farming.And rapeseed owers are retained in the construction of the replanted landscape.In addition,designers select“Nine southern Song grains”to inherit the farming culture and featured crops of Hangzhou to highlight the regional characteristics.At the same time,it discussed the inheritance and promotion of the landscape of the Baguatian site,hoping to provide a reference for the development of the same type of site landscape.