饮酒对疼痛的影响及其机制研究进展

Research progress on the effects of alcohol consumption on pain and its mechanism

越来越多的研究表明饮酒与疼痛的关系密切。不同的饮酒方式对于急、慢性疼痛的发生和发展影响不同。为明确上述影响,分析酒精戒断后痛觉过敏情况,并为治疗提供新的思路,文章从饮酒量、饮酒方式和饮酒频率多个方面进行探讨。长期适度饮酒可通过γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)的介导来抑制慢性疼痛,但长期过量乙醇摄入使中枢内源性阿片类系统失调,导致急性戒断期诱发痛觉过敏;短时间急性乙醇摄入通过酶的调节达到短时间的镇痛效果,而长期适度或过量乙醇摄入均可通过增强受体磷酸化使术后疼痛持续时间延长。今后需要更加确切的以人群为基础的饮酒与疼痛的研究报道,探讨饮酒对疼痛以及疼痛对饮酒造成的影响及其机制,并为临床治疗酒精依赖、慢性疼痛和戒断性高敏提供线索。

More and more researches have demonstrated a strong link between alcohol consumption and pain.Different drinking patterns have different effects on the outcome and development of acute or chronic pain.In order to clarify the above effects,the hyperalgesia after alcohol withdrawal was analyzed,so as to provide new ideas for treatment.In this review,the drinking quantity,drinking mode and frequency of alcohol consumption were discussed.Long-term moderate drinking can be mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)to inhibit chronic pain.However,long-term excessive alcohol intake leads to the imbalance of central endogenous opioid system,leading to hyperalgesia during acute withdrawal.Short-term acute alcohol intake can achieve short-term analgesic effect by enzyme regulation,while long-term moderate or excessive alcohol intake can prolong postoperative pain duration by enhancing receptor phosphorylation.More accurately population-based self-reports of alcohol consumption and pain are needed in future studies in order to explore the effects of alcohol consumption on pain and pain on alcohol consumption and its mechanisms,and to provide clues for clinical treatment of alcohol dependence,chronic pain,and withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia.