2010-2019年贵州省梅毒流行特征与趋势分析

Epidemical characteristics and trends of syphilis in Guizhou province from 2010 to 2019

目的了解和分析贵州省近10年梅毒疫情特征,为制定梅毒防治措施提供依据。方法使用描述流行病学方法对2010-2019年贵州全省通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病监测系统报告的梅毒病例数据进行分析。结果2010-2019年贵州省梅毒报告发病率从13.95/10万上升到51.88/10万,年均增长15.71%。一期与二期梅毒、胎传梅毒呈先升后降趋势;隐性梅毒则呈快速增长,年均增幅21.47%,构成比由2010年的55.11%增长至2019年的90.01%。各年间女性梅毒报告发病率增幅为16.54%,男性为14.64%;各年龄组梅毒报告发病率以20~24岁组年均增幅最大(29.83%),高发年龄段为25~34岁;各职业人群均有病例报告,农民占47.90%,青年学生人群年均增幅为27.81%。各市州梅毒报告发病率均有增长,黔南州增幅为26.51%。结论贵州省梅毒呈快速上升趋势,女性高于男性,且有年轻化倾向,农民为重要受影响人群,少数民族地区增速较快,应根据疫情特点制定精准防控措施,控制梅毒流行。

Objective To understand and analyze the characteristics of syphilis epidemic in Guizhou province over the past ten years,so as to provide scientific basis for developing intervention measures and strategies of syphilis prevention and treatment.Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the syphilis case data reported from 2010 to 2019 in Guizhou from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Results During the period,the reported incidence of syphilis increased from 13.95 per 100000 to 51.88 per 100000,with an average annual growth rate of 15.71%.Primary and secondary syphilis and fetal syphilis showed a trend of the first increase and then decrease.Latent syphilis showed a rapid growth,with an average annual growth rate of 21.47%,and the composition ratio increased from 55.11%in 2010 to 90.01%in 2019.The incidence of syphilis reported in females was higher than that in males each year,with the average annual growth rate(16.54%)higher than that of males(14.64%).The reported incidence of syphilis was on the rise in all age groups,with the highest annual increase(29.83%)in the 20-24 year group,and the highest incidence in the 25-34 year group.Cases were reported in all occupational groups,with farmers the highest(47.90%)and young students increased annually(27.81%).The reported incidence of syphilis increased in all cities,with the highest in Qiannan(26.51%).Conclusion The epidemic situation of syphilis in Guizhou is rising rapidly,with females higher than males,and tends to be younger.Farmers are the main affected groups,and the rate of increase in ethnic minority areas is getting faster.Therefore,precise prevention and control measures should be strengthened according to the characteristics of the epidemic to control syphilis epidemic.