超大城市就业–居住格局与通勤绩效研究——以上海市为例

Job-Housing Spatial Distribution and Commuting Efficiency in Megacities:A Case Study on Shanghai

调整城市就业-居住用地规划布局理论上能推动通勤绩效改善,但这种理想规划能多大程度转换为现实效益,往往复杂而未知。结合已有文献和理论,分析职住平衡绩效的有限性和影响实际通勤绩效的多种因素。以上海市为例进行实证分析,运用房价、经济普查等社会人口经济数据,测算地理联系率、基尼系数等指标。探究造成上海市过剩通勤的潜在因素,包括居民-企业理性的行为选择、经济发展的客观规律、市场作用的复杂性以及就业-居住格局在质量上的适配关系等。最后,提出理性的公共交通导向式发展、针对性给予交通补贴、促进就业信息对称等优化出行的建议。

Theoretically,the adjustment of job-housing land use planning in cities can improve commuting efficiency,but to what extent such ideal planning can be converted into practical benefit is often complicated and unknown.Based on existing literature and theories,this paper analyzes the limitation of job-housing balance and the multiple factors that affect actual commuting efficiency.Taking Shanghai as an example,the paper uses housing prices,economic census,and other socio-demographic data to estimate the geographical connecting rate and Gini coefficient.The potential factors that cause to excessive commuting in Shanghai,including the resident-enterprise choices behavior,the objective laws of economic development,the complexity of market effect,and the level of matching between job-housing are discussed.Finally,the paper proposes rational public transportation-oriented development,targeted transportation subsidies,and promotion of employment information symmetry.