食源性疾病的中医健康伦理审视

Health ethical review of traditional Chinese medicine for food-borne diseases

随着食源性疾病的出现和发病率的逐年上升,食源性疾病已成为全球最突出的公共卫生问题之一,其在全球各地的蔓延不仅危害人类健康,更造成了沉重的疾病负担。对食源性疾病的放任就是对生命权利的侵害和健康伦理的漠视。中医伦理蕴含丰富的健康伦理思想,对当代食源性疾病进行伦理审视和反思有助于食品道德的重建。本文运用中医健康伦理原则对较为严峻的食源性疾病进行伦理审视:"天人合一,地灵万物"的和谐共生原则强调对自然共同体的终极关怀,秉承敬畏生命、敬畏自然,避免人畜共感染性食源性疾病和残留性食源性疾病;"谨和五味,饮食贵节"的适度原则着重对饮食均衡的健康自觉,把握过犹不及、物极必反,防止三高饮食结构引发的食源性疾病和过度节食引发的食源性疾病;"万物悉备,莫贵于人"的生命至上原则重申对食品安全的道德自律,坚守以人为本和安全至上,减少食品加工以及高科培育技术引发的食源性疾病。

With the increase of food-borne diseases and incidence rate year by year,food-borne diseases become one of the most prominent public health problems in the world.Its spread around the world not only endangers human health,but also causes heavy burden of disease.The laissez faire of food-borne diseases is the violation of the right to life and the neglect of health ethics.Ethics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)contains rich thoughts of health ethics.It is helpful to reconstruct food morality to examine and reflect on the contemporary food borne diseases.This article uses the principles of health ethics of TCM to conduct an ethical review of more severe food-borne diseases.The principle of harmony and symbiosis of"the unity of man and nature,the spirit of the earth and all things"emphasizes the ultimate care for the natural community,adhering to the respect for life and nature,and avoiding zoonotic food-borne diseases and residual food-borne diseases.The moderation principle of"balanced diet of five flavors"and"regular and abstemious dietary"focuses on the healthy consciousness of a balanced diet,grasping that too much is as bad as too little and that things will turn into their opposites when they reach the extreme,and preventing food-borne diseases caused by three-high diet and excessive dieting.The life-first principle of"all things are ready in the heaven and earth,but nothing is more valuable than human beings"restates the moral self-discipline of food safety,adhering to people-oriented and safety-first concepts,and reducing food-borne diseases caused by food processing and high-tech cultivation technology.