美国地质工作发展历程分析及对我国的启示

Analysis of the Development of Geological Work in the United States and the Enlightenment to China

美国地质工作的发展可划分为萌芽与兴起、快速发展、持续发展、转型升级、新发展五个阶段;在发展中,工作目标由追求发展向统筹“资源—环境”转变,主体由非专业向专业、由私人团队向国家队伍转变,范围由逐步覆盖本土向放眼全球转变;地质工作的发展动力来源于国家需求的引领、科技进步的推动以及国际环境的影响。基于美国经验,提出促进我国地质工作转型升级的五点建议:①坚持传统业务“升级”;②主动向新领域“转型”;③抓住机遇“走出去”;④进一步优化地勘单位改革;⑤保障科技创新和人才培养。

The development of geological work in the United States can be divided into five stages:as germination and rise,rapid development,sustainable development,transformation and upgrading,and new development.During the development,the goal of geological work in the United States has transformed to the coordination of"resources and environment"instead of pursuit of development,the main body has changed to professional national team instead of non-professional private team,and also the scope has changed from gradually covering the local area to taking a global view.The development impetus of geological work comes from the guidance of national demands,the promotion of scientific and technological progress and the influences of international environment.Taking the reference of experiences of the United States,the paper puts forward five suggestions to promote the transformation and upgrading of geological work in China:①adhering to the"upgrading"of traditional business;②taking the initiative to"transform"to new fields;③seizing the opportunity to"go global";④further optimizing the reform of geological exploration units;⑤ensuring scientific and technological innovation and personnel training.