贸易壁垒对出口产品质量的影响

The Influence of Trade Barriers on the Quality of Export Products

各种形式的贸易壁垒在全球范围内呈上升趋势,我国推动贸易高质量发展、促进产品质量升级的压力也与日俱增。本文利用企业-行业-国家-时间层面的微观面板数据研究了贸易壁垒对我国出口产品质量的影响。研究发现,关税和非关税壁垒对我国企业出口产品质量均有不同程度的正向影响,而多重贸易壁垒叠加会削弱这种激励作用。机制分析表明,遭受关税壁垒时,一方面,高质量产品的生产企业可以通过提高价格进一步提升出口产品质量;另一方面,出口产品质量较低的企业在市场筛选机制下更有可能退出出口市场。关税与非关税壁垒的质量影响效应因企业所有制类型及所处行业的不同而具有异质性。本文明确了贸易壁垒对出口产品质量的影响与作用机制,对贸易壁垒叠加背景下提升我国出口产品质量具有一定的启示意义。

The scale of trade barriers has expanded significantly in the global scope in recent years.Meanwhile,the pressure of promoting high-quality trade and upgrading product quality in China is increasing.Based on the micro panel data of enterprise-industry-country-year,this paper analyzes the impact of trade barriers on the quality of export products in China.It finds that both tariff and non-tariff barriers have positive impact on the quality of export products of Chinese enterprises,but their interaction will weaken this effect.Mechanism analysis reveals that,when facing tariff barriers,the manufacturers of high-quality products can further improve the product quality by raising the price,while the export enterprises trading lower-quality goods are more likely to withdraw from the export market.The quality effect of tariff and non-tariff barriers is heterogeneous according to ownership and industries.This paper clarifies the impact and mechanism of trade barriers on the quality of export products,which would provide policy implications for improving the quality of China’s export under the background of trade barrier superposition.