北京市中小学生2012—2017年伤害发生情况比较

Comparison of injury incidence in the year of 2012 and 2017 among elementary and high school students in Beijing

目的比较2012与2017年北京市中小学校学生伤害发生情况,为制定北京市学生伤害防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法两次调查均采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取北京市16个区中小学生,采用回顾性问卷调查方法,调查学生过去1年伤害发生情况,对2次调查结果进行比较分析。结果2016—2017学年度北京市中小学校学生伤害发生率为10.68%,低于2011—2012学年度的12.87%(χ^2=41.65,P<0.01)。2016—2017学年度男生伤害发生率为12.98%,女生为8.63%,均低于2011—2012学年度的15.64%和10.19%(χ^2值分别为25.09,13.57,P值均<0.01)。在各类型伤害中,两学年度均以跌伤发生率最高,2016—2017学年度中小学校学生跌伤发生率为6.35%,低于2011—2012学年的7.36%(χ^2=14.68,P<0.01)。两学年度均以学校伤害发生病例数占首位,2016—2017学年度发生率为4.60%,低于2011—2012学年度的5.36%(χ^2=11.02,P<0.01)。2016—2017学年度中小学校学生自己或他人无意伤害、自己有意伤害和他人有意伤害的伤害意图发生率均低于2011—2012学年度(χ^2值分别为25.58,10.05,16.14,P值均<0.01)。结论采取一系列策略和措施后,北京市2017年学生伤害发生率较2012年有所下降。今后还应进一步探索更为有效方法,预防控制学生伤害的发生。

Objective To compare injuries prevalence among elementary and high school students in Beijing in the year of 2012 and 2017,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating the policies and measures on injuries prevention and control for the students in Beijing.Methods A multi-stage sectional random group sampling method had been used in the two surveys to sample from elementary and high school students in 16 districts of Beijing,and a retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the injury occurrence during the past year,injury incidence in the year of 2012 and 2017 was compared.Results The incidence of injuries was 10.68%among elementary and high school students in 2016-2017 year period,which was lower than that in2011-2012 year period(12.87%)(χ^2=41.65,P<0.01).In 2016-2017 year period,the incidence of injuries for boys was 12.98%,and for girls was 8.63%,which were all lower than that in 2011-2012 year period(15.64%and 10.19%)(χ^2=25.09,13.57,P<0.01).Among all types of injuries,the incidence of falls was the highest in the two academic years.The incidence of falls in elementary and high school students in 2016-2017 year period was 6.35%,which was lower than that in 2011-2012 year period(7.36%)(χ^2=14.68,P<0.01).The number of the injury cases being occurred in schools was at the top in the two academic years.The incidence rate of school injuries among students in 2016-2017 year period was 4.60%,which was lower than that in 2011-2012 year period(5.36%)(χ^2=11.02,P<0.01).The incidence rates of unintentional injury,self-injury as well as intentional injury from otherrs in elementary and high school students in 2016-2017 year period were all lower than the rates in 2011-2012 year period(χ^2=25.58,10.05,16.14,P<0.01).Conclusion After adopting a series of strategies and measures,student injuries decreased indicating that these measures are effective.In the future,more effective methods for student injury prevention should be developed to prevent and control the occurrence of the injuries for students.