不同心理健康状况学龄前儿童感觉加工特征研究

Analysis on sensory processing characteristics of mental health problems in preschoolers

目的分析学前心理卫生问题儿童的感觉加工特征,为针对性改善心理卫生问题儿童的感觉加工能力提供参考。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,在2018年3—6月随机抽取深圳市南山区30所托幼机构进行心理筛查,用长处与困难问卷和简式感觉剖析表评估6365名中、大班儿童。结果儿童长处与困难问卷总分阳性率为15.15%。情绪症状、品行问题筛查和亲社会问题阳性的儿童简式感觉剖析表各因子均比正常儿童低(P值均<0.01)。多动/注意不能筛查阳性的儿童,味觉/嗅觉敏感性、低反应性/寻求感觉、听觉过滤、精神不振/虚弱、视觉/听觉敏感性的得分较正常儿童低(F值分别为12.45,102.44,93.51,13.33,4.32,P值均<0.05),触觉敏感性和运动敏感性与正常儿童差异无统计学意义。同伴交往问题筛查阳性的儿童触觉敏感性、味觉/嗅觉敏感性、运动敏感性、听觉过滤、精神不振/虚弱、视觉/听觉敏感性较正常儿童低(F值分别为6.05,5.86,4.70,17.32,9.56,4.16,P值均<0.05),低反应性/寻求感觉与正常儿童差异无统计学意义。亲社会问题与触觉敏感度、低反应性、听觉过滤、精神不振/虚弱存在正相关(r值分别为0.30,0.37,0.37,0.31,P值均<0.01);情绪症状与精神不振/虚弱存在负相关(r=-0.33,P<0.01)。结论学龄前儿童心理卫生问题与感觉加工能力相关,存在心理卫生问题的学龄前儿童感觉加工能力较弱;应重视对学龄前心理卫生问题儿童进行感觉加工方面的评估和干预。

Objective To analyze the sensory processing characteristics among preschoolers with mental health problems in Nanshan District,Shenzhen.Methods Random cluster sampling was used to select kindergartens for psychological screening from March to June 2018.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)and the Simplified Sensory Questionnaire(SSP)were used to evaluate 6365 preschool children.Results A total of 15.15%preschoolers were detected with abnormal results.The SSP scores of preschoolers with emotional symptoms/conduct problems/prosocial behaviors were lower than normal preschoolers’(P<0.01).Among the preschoolers with hyperactivity-inattention,taste/smell sensitivity(F=12.45)/underresponsive/seeks sensation(F=102.44),auditory filtering(F=93.51),low energy/weak(F=13.33),visual/auditory sensitivity(F=4.32)scores were lower than normal preschoolers’(P<0.05),the scores of tactile sensitivity movement sensitivity were no statistical difference with normal preschoolers’.Among the preschoolers with peer problem,taste/smell sensitivity(F=5.86),tactile sensitivity(F=6.05),movement sensitivity(F=4.70),auditory filtering(F=17.32),low energy/weak(F=9.56),visual/auditory sensitivity(F=4.16)scores were lower than normal preschoolers’(P<0.05),and the scores of under-esponsive/seeks sensation were no statistical difference with normal pre-schoolers’.Prosocial behavior and tactile(r=0.30),under-responsive/seeks sensation(r=0.37),auditory filtering(r=0.37),low energy/weak(r=0.31)were positive associated(P<0.01).Emotional symptoms were negatively associated with lack of energy/weakness(r=-0.33,P<0.01).Conclusion Mental health problems are related to sensory processing ability in preschoolers.Preschoolers with mental health problems have weak sensory processing ability.Clinicians and occupational therapists should pay attention to evaluation and intervention of sensory processing ability in preschoolers with mental health problems.