激励机制下的高层建筑火灾人员疏散效率研究

Research on evacuation efficiency of high-rise building in case of fires considering incentive mechanism

为探究激励机制对高层建筑火灾人员疏散的影响,采用弗鲁姆期望理论,将效价、期望值、工具性类比到疏散研究中,量化逃生人员可被激发的潜能值,分析对疏散速度的影响;以某高层商业建筑火灾疏散为例,将激励机制对疏散速度的影响导入疏散分析,并与未考虑激励机制的情况进行比较。结果表明:考虑激励机制的疏散时间为500 s,未考虑激励机制的疏散时间为630 s,前者疏散效率整体较高,后者在520 s后,疏散效率接近于0;激励机制显著增加了人体对火灾产物的耐受极限,使得火灾初期的烟气对疏散速度的影响降低,将威胁生命的时间点延后,间接提高了疏散效率。

In order to explore influence of incentive mechanism on high-rise building fire evacuation,potency,expectation and instrumentality were analogized in evacuation studies by using Vroom’s expectation theory,potential value that evacuees can be stimulated was quantified and its impacts on evacuation speed were analyzed.Then,with fire evacuation of a high-rise commercial building as an example,influence of incentive mechanism on evacuation speed was introduced and compared with cases without considering it.The results show that with incentive mechanism,it takes 500 s to evacuate which will be 630 s otherwise.The former has higher evacuation efficiency as a whole while that of the latter is close to 0 after 520 s.Incentive mechanism significantly increases human body’s tolerance limit of fire products,reduces impact of smoke on evacuation speed in early stages of fire,and delays life-threatening time point,thus improving evacuation efficiency indirectly.