天然橡胶便携式采胶机械研究

Research on portable tapping machine for natural rubber harvesting

传统采胶工具伴随着天然橡胶产业的发展已使用近百年。近年来,随着社会经济的发展和天然橡胶采胶技术的革新,采胶机械的研发与推广发展迅速,便携式电动针采机、电动割胶机相继出现。为分析比较各种便携式电动采胶机械的结构、优势、采胶效果,以便为生产的推广应用及研发提供参考,通过历史文献查阅、样机设计制造、大田割胶评估等方法,研究了传统割胶刀、传统采胶针、电动针采机和电动割胶机4种典型的天然橡胶便携式采胶机械的割胶方式、结构、割胶效果、经济效益,结果表明:电动采胶机比传统人力胶刀在降低采胶技术难度、劳动强度,提高采胶效率、经济效益、应用范围方面更具优势,极具推广应用价值,有效拓展了胶工来源,对于缓解当前产业技术胶工短缺的产业痛点问题具有积极意义,是未来割胶工具应用的主流方向。往复式电动割胶刀在割胶效果方面较旋切式电动胶刀更具比较优势,两种方式的电动胶刀尚需在结构、割胶效果方面优化升级。电动针采机在采胶技术难度要求、采胶效率方面较电动割胶刀更具比较优势,但需解决产量低、刺针深度控制不精准导致伤树率高两大关键问题。便携式电动采胶机械的优化升级、全自动与智能化采胶机器人、农艺农机的融合模式,是该领域未来的重要研究方向。

In recent years,with the development of society and economy,and the technology revolution on natural rubber harvesting,the tapping machines were developed and promoted periodically,and the portable motorized puncture and tapping machines has emerged.In order to reference the research and development for the natural rubber production,it was studied on their cutting way,machinery structure,tapping effect,advantages and economic benefit,through historical literature review,prototype design,manufacturing,and field glue cutting evaluation methods.The results show that the portable motorized tapping machine is better than traditional tapping tools in reducing tapping technical difficulty,the intensity of labor,improving the efficiency,economic benefits and application range,and worth popularization and application.And also,the motorized tapping machine effectively expand the tapper sources,to alleviate"problems of pain points",shortage of technical tappers,in the current industry,and it has a positive significant,which is mainstream application of tapping machine in the future.Reciprocating tapping machine has a comparative advantage over the rotary machine.However,they are still needed to be optimized and upgraded in terms of structure and cutting effect.Puncture tapping machine has a comparative advantage over the motorized tapping machines in terms of the technical difficulty and efficiency,but it needs to solve two key problems,low yield and high tree injury rate caused by inaccurate puncturing depth control.The optimization and upgrading of portable motorized tapping machineries,the automatic and intelligent tapping robot,and agronomic and agricultural machinery for natural rubber harvesting are important research directions in the future.