巴旦木收获及初加工装备与应用技术研究进展

Development of the harvest and primary processing equipment and application technology of almonds

巴旦木是新疆特色坚果,有着丰富的营养价值。但目前巴旦木采后收获及初加工技术普遍采用传统的手工方式,人工成本高,效率低,不能满足当前的市场需求和机械化要求,因此,相关的机械设备和应用技术亟待发展。文献资料显示,收获机、脱青皮机、破壳机等领域已经开展相关研究,但设备的研制和推广发展仍处于初级阶段。结合巴旦木生理特征和形态特征,分析多种原理的巴旦木收获及初加工装备的实际情况,以期能够为提高巴旦木产品质量及采后效率提供理论基础和科学依据。通过文献结合实际生产情况分析,巴旦木现目前能达到600 kg/h的破壳效率和95%的脱壳率,生产效率和质量得以大幅提高。结合多种原理的设备将成为巴旦木采后收获及初加工设备的技术突破点,开发更为节能、效率更高、效果更好的设备成为巴旦木采后收获及初加工与应用技术的发展趋势。

Almonds is a characteristic nut in Xinjiang.It has rich nutritional value.However,the traditional manual method is still used in the initial post-harvest processing technology of Almonds,which has high labor cost,and low efficiency,and cannot meet the current market demand and mechanization requirements.Therefore,the related mechanical equipment and application technology need to be developed urgently.Literature researches showed that relevant research has been carried out in the fields of harvester,peeler and shell breaker,but the development and popularization of the equipment is still in its infancy.Combining with the physiological and morphological characteristics of almonds,the harvesting and preliminary processing equipment of almonds with various principles were analyzed in order to provide theoretical basis and scientific basis for improving the quality and post-harvest efficiency of almonds.According to the analysis of literature and actual production situation,the peeling efficiency of almonds has reached to 800 kg/h and peeling efficiency has reached to 95%,and the production efficiency and quality have been greatly improved.The equipment combined with various principles will become the breakthrough point of post-harvest harvesting and preliminary processing equipment of almonds.Developing more energy-saving,more efficient and better effect equipment will become the development trend of post-harvest harvesting,preliminary processing and application technology of almonds.