山水资源型城镇的生态安全格局构建研究——以武汉市黄陂区为例

A Study on the Construction of Ecological Security Pattern of Towns Rich in Mountain and Water Resources: Taking Huangpi District of Wuhan City as An Example

黄陂区是武汉市最大的山水资源型城镇,构建其生态安全格局是武汉市可持续发展的重要保障。以黄陂区2018年土地利用变更调查数据、DEM高程图为主要数据来源,将生态敏感程度高的林地、水域及湿地作为源地,通过最小累积阻力模型,识别生态廊道和节点,划分生态功能区,构建并优化黄陂区生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)研究区内识别生态源地169.55 km^2,占全区总面积的7.5%,呈现"两极分布、相对独立、连通性较弱"的空间分布特征;(2)提取生态廊道共132条,生态节点83个,从空间分布上看,廊道集中于北部山地和南部水域,在城镇建设用地和大面积耕地地段最难连接;(3)根据计算结果将研究区划分为5个不同级别的生态安全水平区,自南北向中部生态安全水平大致呈由低到高的趋势,通过优化生态网络连接,对于保护区域生态安全、维护区域生态稳定、缓解区域生态压力发挥着重要的保障作用。

Huangpi District is Wuhan City’s largest town rich in mountain and water resources,and constructing its ecological security pattern is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of Wuhan City.Taking the land utilization alteration data and DEM elevation map of Huangpi District photographed in December 2017 as the main data source,and taking forest land,water area and wetland with high ecological sensitivity as source areas,the author establishes the minimum cumulative resistance model to identify ecological corridors and nodes,divide ecological function areas,construct and optimize the ecological security pattern of Huangpi District.The research results show that:(1)The identified ecological source areas in the area studied is 169.55 km^2,accounting for 7.5%of the total area of the district,and showing the spatial distribution characteristics that"they are distributed at both ends,which are relatively independent,with poor connectivity";(2)Extracting a total of 132 ecological corridors and 83 ecological nodes.From the perspective of spatial distribution,corridors are concentrated in mountains in the northern and waters in the south.It is the most difficult to connect the land between urban construction land and large-scale cultivation land.(3)According to the calculation results,the area studied is divided into ecological security-level areas with five different levels,and from south to the middle part and from north to the middle part,the ecological security level roughly shows a trend from low to high.Optimizing the ecological network connection plays an important protection role in safeguarding the ecological security of the region,maintaining the ecological stability of the region and alleviating the ecological pressure of the region.