主观预备合并之诉及制度建构研究

On the Subjective Preliminary Combination of Litigation and Its Systematic Construction

在民事诉讼中,当当事人的诉讼请求不能并存或处于择一状态时,允许作为共同诉讼予以合并,不仅有利于提高诉讼效率,同时,也有利于实体权利的实现。但无论是国外还是国内,在民事诉讼法学界对此都存在较大的争议。对于这一问题争议的消解,一方面,需要通过研究的深化,厘清问题之所在,辨别这些问题是否为结构性障碍;另一方面,一旦明确系非结构性问题,则需要针对其中的技术问题,在制度上作出明确的规定,如适用要件及相应的审理规则,以尽可能消除主观预备合并所带来的负面影响和缺陷,使其充分发挥预备合并的正面效应。

When the parties’litigation requests cannot coexist or are in an alternative state,allowing them to be merged as a joint action is not only conducive to improving the efficiency of litigation,but also conducive to the realization of substantive rights.However,there is a big controversy in the academic circle.To resolve disputes,on the one hand,it needs to deepen the research to clarify problems and identify whether these problems are structural obstacles;on the other hand,once they are clearly non-structural problems,it is necessary to make explicit stipulations includingthe applicable requirements and corresponding trial rules,in order to eliminate negative effects of subjective preliminary combination of litigationas far as possible and make them exert positive effects.