美国一流大学医学生人才培养的特点及启示

Characteristics and enlightenment of medical talent cultivation in American world-class universities

研究美国一流大学医学生培养的特点,为我国高等医学人才培养提供借鉴。美国一流大学的医学生以培养医学领导者为主要目标,培养未来医学领军人才;设置严格的入学标准,医学生录取率极低;采取项目式和模块化课程,更具灵活化和个性化;坚持以学生为中心的教学理念,采取灵活的教学方法;坚持突出以患者为中心的治疗理念,培养多方面技能和态度;具有充足高质量的师资队伍,为医学教育提供师资保障;实施严格的毕业考核制度,确保人才培养质量。我国高等医学教育的发展和改革可以从明确人才培养目标、完善医学生招生标准、加强课程体系改革、加强医学人文教育和完善医学教育考核和认证制度等方面开展。

To study the cultivation characteristics of the medical students in world-class universities in the United States and to provide references for the cultivation of higher medical talents in China.The main goal of medical education in the US is to cultivate leading medical talents.The admission standards are strictly set,and the admission rate of medical students is extremely low.The universities adopt more flexible and personalized project-based and modular courses,apply student-centered teaching concept,and take multiple teaching approaches.The patient-centered treatment concept is emphasized,and different skills and attitudes are developed.There are sufficient and high-quality teachers to provide guarantee of teacher resources for medical education.Strict graduation assessment system is implemented to ensure the quality of talent cultivation.Accordingly,the development and reform of China's higher medical education can be carried out from the following aspects:clarifying the goal of talent training,improving the enrollment standards of medical students,strengthening the reform of the curriculum system,stressing medical humanities education,and improving the medical education assessment certification system.