农村集体经济组织责权利统一的体制机制构建分析

System and Mechanism Construction of Responsibility,Power and Interest Unification of Rural Collective Economic Organization

运用政治经济学原理和开放系统观点,分析了农村集体经济改革面临的深层困难和问题,重新审视了农村家庭联产承包责任制改革的成功经验,揭示了农村集体经济改革与家庭联产承包责任制改革关键因素在实质上的一致性。指出农村家庭联产承包责任制改革顺利实施和农村经济快速发展的关键,是恢复了实事求是的思想路线,找到了与农村生产力水平相适应、具有责权利高度统一特征的市场经营主体——农民家庭,解决了责权利落实、土地所有权与经营权结合、劳动效果监督、管理者选优等难题。最后,提出了农村集体经济改革可以借鉴的思路和方法,特别论述了确立农村集体经济组织市场主体地位,建立责权利高度统一的利益激励机制和行为约束机制,建立对企业运行状态及效绩的监督评审机制,建立农村集体经济组织管理者自由竞争、民主选拔、优胜劣汰机制,并提出了具体措施。

With the principle of political economics and the view of open system,this paper analyzed the deep difficulties and problems faced by the reform of rural collective economy,reexamined the successful experience of the rural household contract responsibility system reform,and revealed the essential consistency of the key factors in the reform of rural collective economy and the reform of the household contract responsibility system.It was pointed out that the key to the smooth implementation of the rural household contract responsibility system reform and the rapid development of the rural economy is to restore the ideological line of seeking truth from facts and find the market management subject,the farmer family,which is adaptable to the rural productivity level and has the high unity of responsibility and rights,and has solved the issues such as the implementation of the responsibility and the right to the land,the combination of land ownership and operation right,labor effect supervision,and managers’ selection.Finally,the author put forward the ideas and methods that can be used for reference in the rural collective economic reform,especially the establishment of the market main position of the rural collective economic organization,the establishment of a highly unified interest incentive mechanism and the behavior restriction mechanism,the establishment of the supervision and evaluation system for the operation state and performance of the enterprises,and the establishment of the free competition,democratic selection,and the fittest survival mechanism for the rural collective economic organization managers,and specific measures were put forward.