柴达木盆地鸭湖地区风况特征与雅丹地貌形态关系

The relationship between wind regime and yardang morphology in the Duck Lake Area of Qaidam Basin,China

柴达木盆地雅丹地貌广布,腹地的鸭湖地区存在中国唯一水上雅丹地貌。研究了鸭湖地区风速、风向及输沙势特征,并选取鸭湖北岸的雅丹地貌,通过Google Earth卫星影像对其长度、宽度、走向等形态参数进行测量,并加以分析。结果表明:(1)鸭湖地区风速、风向比较稳定,主风向为WNW方向,次风向为NW方向,年输沙势339.76VU,属中风能环境。(2)鸭湖地区雅丹地貌形态多样,雅丹体的长度与宽度正相关(R^2=0.91),长宽比平均为2.6。(3)鸭湖地区雅丹体走向为147°,与当地盛行风向大致平行,与合成输沙方向存在一定夹角,风力是控制雅丹形态的主导因素。

Yardang landform is widely distributed in the Qaidam Basin,China. There is only semi-submerged yardang landform in the Duck Lake Area which is located in the central region of the Qaidam Basin. In this paper,we analyzed the characteristics of wind speed,wind direction and sand drift potential. Then,we measured the length,width and trend of yardangs which are near the north shore of Duck Lake by Google Earth satellite images. The results showed that:(1)The wind speed and direction are relatively stable,prevailing wind direction is WNW and secondary prevailing wind direction is NW. The sand drift potential is 339. 76 VU,belonging to middle wind energy environment.(2)The type of yardangs is diverse. There is a strong positive correlation between length and width(R^2=0. 91),the average ratio of length and width is 2. 6.(3)The trend of yardangs is 147°,almost paralleling to the prevailing wind direction,slightly differing from the resultant drift direction.Wind plays a dominant role in controlling the shape of yardangs.