1961—2017年新疆区域气候变化特征分析

Characteristics of Temperature and Precipitation Change in Xinjiang During 1961—2017

利用1961—2017年新疆89个国家级气象观测站气温和降水量整编资料,分析了新疆区域基本气候特征及年变化趋势。结果表明:近57 a,新疆年平均气温及年降水量呈显著上升趋势,增加率分别为0.31℃/10 a和10.14 mm/10 a,年平均最高和最低气温上升速率分别为0.22℃/10 a、0.52℃/10 a。年平均气温与年降水量突变分别发生在1996年和1986年。四季平均气温和降水量也呈现一致的上升趋势,其中冬季升温趋势最明显,升温速率为0.40℃/10 a。冬季降水速率增加最明显,为10.2%/10 a。暴雨日数和暴雨量呈明显增加趋势。在空间变化上,北疆北部和西部、东疆增温明显,降水在天山山区和南疆西部增加明显。从新疆气温降水变化角度来看,总体有向暖湿方向发展的趋势。

Based on the monthly observational temperature and precipitation data in Xinjiang during 1976-2017,the climate characteristics and annual change trends over Xinjiang were analyzed in this study.The results showed that the annual and seasonal mean temperature and annual total precipitation in Xinjiang exhibited a significant increasing trend during 1976—2017.The annual mean warming and annual total precipitation rate in Xinjiang were 0.31℃/10 a and 10.14 mm/10 a,and the annual average maximum and minimum temperature rise rates were 0.22℃/10 a and 0.52℃/10 a,respectively.The mutations occurred in 1996 and 1986,respectively.The seasonally temperature and precipitation also showed a significant increasing trend in Xinjiang.Among them,the warming trend in winter was the most significant,and the warming rate was 0.40℃/10 a.Summer precipitation has the largest increase,which was 72.0 mm.The number of rainstorm days and the amount of rainstorm also obviously increased.In terms of spatial changes,the northern and western parts of northern Xinjiang and the eastern part of Xinjiang increased significantly in temperature,and precipitation increased significantly in the Tianshan Mountains and the western part of southern Xinjiang.From 1961 to 2017,the climate change in Xinjiang was more obvious,and the overall change was in the direction of warm and humid.