双膜覆盖对棉田土壤及棉花生长的影响

Effects of Double Film Mulching on Soil and Cotton Growth in Cotton Field

新疆巴州地区属于典型的荒漠型气候,降雨量少,水资源短缺,土壤沙化严重,保水保肥能力差,春季、春寒灾害较多,严重影响当地棉花产量的提高,为实现棉花节水增产保丰收,研究田间双膜与单膜覆盖对土壤温度、棉花生长及产量的影响,为棉田高产高效管理提供参考。布设双膜、单膜两种不同地膜覆盖大田试验处理,通过监测不同处理下土壤温度、水分、盐分,棉花出苗率、生长形态及产量等指标,分析不同覆盖措施对各项指标的影响。双膜覆盖有较好的增温效果,单膜覆盖效果不佳。双膜覆盖对抑制土壤盐分的积累和水分的散失有着积极的作用。双膜覆盖对棉花的产量有显著促进作用。双膜覆盖比单膜覆盖有更好的增温效果,抑制土壤盐分的积累和水分的散失,为棉花生长创造了有利的条件,具有良好的增产效应。

The climate in Bazhou,Xinjiang,is a typical desert climate,with less rainfall,water shortage,serious soil desertification,poor ability of water and fertilizer conservation and more cold disasters in spring,which seriously affects the increase of local cotton yield.In order to save water and increase yield,it is important to analyze the effects of double film mulching and single film mulching on soil temperature,cotton growth and yield.Two types of mulching treatments with double-film and single-film were adopted in the field experiment.Soil temperature,moisture and salinity,cotton emergence rate,growth form and yield were monitored under different treatments,analysis of different coverage measures on the impact of indicators.The results are as follows.The effects of double film mulching were better than that of single film mulching.Double film mulching has positive effects on inhibiting soil salt accumulation and water loss.The double film mulching can significantly increase the yield of cotton.Compared with single film mulching,double film mulching had better warming effect,inhibited soil salt accumulation and water loss,created favorable conditions for cotton growth,and had good yield increasing effect.