公路沿线地质灾害孕灾环境与诱灾因子分析

Geological-disaster Environment and Disaster-inducing Factors Along the Highway in Mountain Area

山区公路建设区内滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害的形成与其区内的地质环境因素密切相关,地质灾害频发成为制约公路建设的重要因素。以新疆国道G218巩乃斯林场段为研究对象,对国道沿线两侧进行工程地质测绘与勘探工作,分析区内孕灾环境因素与诱灾因子。研究表明:区内孕灾环境因素主要包括河流侵蚀、斜坡坡度、斜坡坡向、岩土体类型、断裂、大气降水六大因素,它们共同作用构成了地质灾害的孕灾基础;区内断裂构造活动加剧了灾害的形成与发展;巩乃斯河流对其两岸斜坡坡脚的侵蚀作用是滑坡灾害发生的诱灾因子,连续的强降雨是泥石流地质灾害发生的诱灾因子。研究成果可为山区高等级公路建设中地质灾害的孕灾环境和诱灾因子的识别、灾害绕避等方面提供参考。

The formation of geological disasters in mountainous highway construction area,such as landslide and debris are closely related to the geological environment factors in the area,and it has become an important factor which restrict the highway construction.Through the geological mapping and exploration along the G218 Gongnaisi forest section of Xinjiang national highway,the distribution characteristics of geological environment and the main inducement factors were summarized.The results are as follows.The main environmental factors for risk are topography,water erosion,rock and soil structure,fault and rain.The fault tectonic movement aggravated the formation and development of disasters.The scour effect of water was the main inducement factor for geological risk and heavy rainfall was also the main inducement factor for debris in this area.This paper can be used to identify inducing factors for risk and suggested the avoidance of geological hazards for highway construction in mountainous areas.