煤矿区PM2.5、PM10中重金属的污染水平及综合风险评价

Pollution Level and Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals of PM2.5,PM10 in Coal Mines Area

为了解京津冀典型煤矿区PM2.5和PM10中重金属的污染及其风险,于2017年2月、4月、8月、10月在峰峰矿区采集了PM2.5和PM10样品,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了样品中13种金属元素的含量。结果显示,(1)采样期间,PM2.5和PM10年均质量浓度分别为106.5、140μg·m^−3;PM2.5和PM10中的13种重金属元素质量浓度总和分别为20735.40、21962.91 ng·m^−3。(2)综合污染指数评价结果显示,Cd是峰峰矿区首要大气污染元素。(3)健康风险评价显示,峰峰矿区Cr的致癌风险较高,其他元素也存在一定的致癌风险,且致癌风险男性大于女性,但是无非致癌风险。重金属元素的致癌风险与人群的年龄呈正相关,年龄越大,致癌风险越大;非致癌风险在不同人群中表现为儿童>成年人>老年人。(4)峰峰矿区大气颗粒物中元素的来源受机动车尾气排放、燃煤排放、工业活动以及农业活动的影响。该研究可为量化煤矿区颗粒物中重金属元素对生态及人群的危害提供实用信息,并对当地颗粒物污染的防治具有意义。

In order to understand the pollution and risk of heavy metals in PM2.5 and PM10 of typical coal mines in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei,PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected in Fengfeng mining area in February,April,August and October 2017.The content of 13 metal elements in the sample was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.The results showed,(1)during sampling,PM2.5 and PM10 average annual mass concentrations of 106.5,140μg·m^−3,respectively.The total mass concentrations of 13 heavy metal elements in PM2.5 and PM10 were 20735.40,21962.91 ng·m^−3,respectively.(2)The comprehensive pollution index evaluation results showed that Cd was the primary air pollution element in Fengfeng mining area.(3)The health risk assessment indicated that,carcinogenic risk of Cr elements in Fengfeng mining area was high,other elements are at risk of cancer,and men were at greater risk of cancer than women,but nothing more than the risk of cancer.Overall,the carcinogenic risk of heavy metal elements was positively correlated with the age of the population.The older you get,the greater the risk of cancer.The risk of non-cancer was manifested in children>adults>the elderly in different populations.And(4)the source of atmospheric particulate matter in Fengfeng mining area was affected by motor vehicle exhaust emissions,coal emissions,industrial activities and agricultural activities.This study provides practical information to quantify the harm of heavy metal elements in particulate matter in coal mine area to ecology and population,and it is of significance to the prevention and control of local particulate pollution.