不同植被结构对空气质量的调控功能

Regulation of Air Quality by Different Vegetation Structures in A Green Space

随着城市化进程的加快,生态环境恶化,改善空气质量已成为社会所关注的重要环境问题。不同的植被结构可以有效调控大气颗粒物浓度,提高负离子的浓度,是改善空气质量的重要组成部分。为探究不同植被结构对空气质量的调控能力以及影响空气质量的因素,以沈阳市东陵公园为研究对象,采用定点观测法,监测8块不同植被结构内大气颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)和空气负离子浓度,并同步观测气象因子。研究结果表明,(1)不同植被结构调控大气颗粒物的能力存在差异,但是不显著。PM2.5和PM10日平均质量浓度在S1(稠李Padus avium+萱草Hemerocallis fulva)均为最高,分别是(48.63±18.05)μg·m^−3和(68.55±20.64)μg·m^−3;S3(云杉Picea asperata+榆叶梅Amygdalus triloba+牛筋草Eleusine indica)最低,分别是(28.95±8.91)μg·m^−3和(45.21±10.38)μg·m^−3。PM2.5和PM10日平均质量浓度变化范围分别为(28.95—48.63)μg·m^−3和(45.21—68.55)μg·m^−3。(2)不同植被结构内空气负离子浓度存在显著性差异。空气负离子日平均浓度在S7(油松Pinus tabuliformis+桃叶卫矛Euonymus bungeanus+玉簪Hosta plantaginea)最高,为(1007.50±53.10)ion·cm^−3;S1(稠李+萱草)最低,为(446.21±34.9)ion·cm^−3。空气负离子日平均浓度范围(446.21—1007.50)ion·cm^−3。(3)大气颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)和空气负离子浓度与乔木层郁闭度和相对湿度呈正显著相关,而与温度呈负显著相关;大气颗粒物浓度与空气负离子浓度呈负显著相关。以上研究结果可为优化城市绿地植被结构和改善空气质量提供一定的借鉴。

In recent years,the ecological environment is declining rapidly.The improvement of air quality has become an important environmental issue concerned by the society.Different vegetation structures can effectively regulate the concentration of air particulates and increase the concentration of negative air ions,which is an important part of improving air.In this paper,eight different vegetation structures of Dongling Park in Shenyang were selected as the study objects to monitor air particulate matter,NAIs and meteorological factors in varying fixed locations,allowing for an examination of the regulating capacity of different vegetation structures on air quality.The main research results showed that:(1)The ability of different vegetation structures to regulate particulate varied.The daily average concentrations of PM2.5(48.63±18.05)μg·m^−3 and PM10(68.55±20.64)μg·m^−3 were the highest in S1(Padus avium+Hemerocallis fulva).The lowest concentrations of PM2.5(28.95±8.91)μg·m^−3 and PM10(45.2±10.38)μg·m^−3 were in S3(Picea asperata+Amygdalus triloba+Eleusine indica).(2)There were significant differences in negative air ions concentrations among vegetation structures.The daily average negative air ions concentration in S7(Pinus tabuliformis+Euonymus bungeanus+Hosta plantaginea)was the highest(1007.50±53.10)ion·cm^−3,while that of S1(Padus avium+Hemerocallis fulva)was the lowest(446.21±34.91)ion·cm^−3.And(3)the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 and negative air ions were positively correlated with the tree canopy closure and relative humidity.They were negatively related to temperature.There was significant negative correlation between air particulate matter and negative air ions concentration.The above results will provide some reference for the optimization of different vegetation structure of urban green space and the improvement of urban air quality.