红霉素水生生物基准推导和对中国部分水体生态风险初步评估

Development of Aquatic Life Criteria for Erythromycin and Preliminary Assessment for the Ecological Risk of Some Water Bodies in China

红霉素是大环内酯类抗生素,环境中红霉素残留具有较高的生态风险和健康风险,而中国目前尚缺乏红霉素的淡水水生生物基准值,因而研究适合中国流域水环境的红霉素水生生物基准,对于保护中国淡水水生生物以及水质基准的研究具有重要意义。该研究搜集筛选了红霉素对中国淡水生物的急慢性毒性数据,共获得3门8科的10个急性毒性数据和2门4科的4个慢性毒性数据。利用美国环境保护局推荐的物种敏感度排序法(SSR)推导红霉素的水生生物基准,同时以log-normal SSD法和log-logistic SSD法对基准计算结果进行了比对。比较了3种方法的优缺点,以及与国内外已有研究基准值之间的差异及形成原因,分析了影响红霉素水生生物基准的关键因素。得出采用SSR法推导的保护中国水生生物的红霉素急性基准值(CMC)为0.47μg·L^−1,慢性基准值(CCC)为0.10μg·L^−1相对可行。将该研究推导出的红霉素慢性基准值(CCC)与中国部分江河和湖泊中红霉素暴露浓度相比较,采用风险商值(RQ)评价了红霉素的生态风险。结果表明,风险区域主要集中在辽河、海河和珠江,部分区域点位存在一定的红霉素暴露生态风险。研究结论可为红霉素水质标准制定和流域水环境管理提供科学依据。

Erythromycin was a macrolide antibiotic.Erythromycin residues in the environment had high ecological and health risks.However,there were no aquatic life criteria for erythromycin in fresh water in China.Therefore,it was important to establish aquatic life criteria according to situations of Chinese species distribution and water quality characteristics.In this study,we collected the toxic data of erythromycin on local species in China to develop the aquatic life criteria.A total of 10 acute toxicity data from three phyla and eight families and four chronic toxicity data from two phyla and four families were obtained.We used the sensitive species rank(SSR)method recommended by US Environmental Protection Agent(US EPA)to derive the aquatic life criteria of erythromycin,which were validated using the guidance in other technologies such as the log-normal SSD and log-logistic SSD.Then analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of these three methods and compared the difference of the erythromycin criteria in this research and other existing reference values in China and abroad.In addition,the possible reasons which caused this difference and the key factors which influenced the aquatic life criteria were also discussed.The results showed that the acute and chronic criteria of erythromycin were 0.47μg·L^−1 and 0.10μg·L^−1 were relatively feasible.The ecological risk of erythromycin exposed in the part of the freshwater bodies was assessed by the risk quotient(RQ)method.Results of the assessment suggested that parts of the sites surveyed were at ecological risk exposed to erythromycin,especially those located in Liaohe River,Haihe River and Zhujiang River.In conclusion,results of the study were useful for formulating the water quality standard in terms of erythromycin in China and for managing ambient water environment.