不同年限设施菜地土壤中重金属和抗生素污染特征

Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Antibiotics Pollution in Vegetable Greenhouses after Different Cultivating Years

设施菜地中土壤污染将直接关系到蔬菜产品的安全和消费者的健康。为评价设施蔬菜连续耕种对土壤中重金属和抗生素污染的影响,选取连续耕种2、4、7、15年的设施菜地为研究对象,研究了不同种植年限对土壤中7种重金属和15种抗生素污染的影响。结果表明,4、7、15年棚内土壤中Cu的含量显著高于棚外,并且棚内土壤中Cu的含量随着设施蔬菜耕种年数的增加而显著增加。15年棚内Cd含量和7、15年棚内Hg含量显著高于棚外。所有土壤中重金属含量均低于GB 15618—2018中农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,属于安全范围。设施菜地土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb均有不同程度富集,其中15年棚内Cd富集明显,达到重度富集。PLI表明经过7年和15年设施蔬菜耕种后,土壤中重金属污染较棚外污染严重。所有棚内土壤中15种抗生素总量均高于棚外,在2、4、15年棚内土壤中抗生素总含量分别是棚外的2.36、2.02、2.63倍。检出最高的抗生素为四环素类和氟喹诺酮类,磺胺类有少量检出。种植设施蔬菜增加了部分重金属和抗生素的污染,并随着种植年限的增加污染趋向严重。建议从化肥、有机肥和农药施用等污染源头进行合理控制,保障设施蔬菜安全生产。

The pollution of soil in vegetable greenhouse will directly affect the safety of vegetables and the health of consumers.7 heavy metals and 15 antibiotics were investigated in 4 vegetable greenhouses(2,4,7 and 15 years continuous cultivation)to evaluate the impact of continuous cultivation of vegetable greenhouse on the soil pollution.The results showed that for 4,7 and 15 years greenhouse,Cu concentrations inside were significantly higher than those outside,and increased significantly with the years of cultivation.The concentration of Cd in 15 years greenhouse,and Hg in 7 and 15 years greenhouse were significantly higher than those outside.All the heavy metal concentrations were below the screening value of soil pollution risk for agricultural land in China(GB15618—2018)indicated that the soils were in safe situation.Six elements(Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,and Pb)were all enriched.Cd in 15 years greenhouse enriched obviously,and reached to significant enrichment level.The PLI value showed that after 7 and 15 years of cultivation,soil heavy metal pollutions in greenhouse were more serious than those outside.The total amount of antibiotics in greenhouse soil was higher than that outside.Comparing with outside,the amount in 2,4,15 years greenhouse reached to 2.36,2.02 and 2.63 times respectively.Among them,tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones were the highest,followed by sulfanilamides.Generally,the cultivation of vegetables greenhouse increases the pollution of some heavy metals and antibiotics,and the pollution tends to be serious with the increase of cultivating years.It is suggested that the pollution sources such as chemical fertilizer,livestock manure application and pesticide application should be controlled reasonably to ensure the safe production of greenhouse vegetables.