高校体育馆人员疏散模拟研究

Simulation research on evacuation of university gymnasium

为研究体育馆人员疏散规律,以某高校体育馆为研究对象,采用Pathfinder和STEPS两款疏散模拟软件进行模拟研究。基于合理的假设条件和参数设置,模拟体育馆内观众满座的情景,并研究观众人数对疏散时间的影响。两款软件模拟结果相似,结果表明:疏散过程中人员在看台区和疏散楼梯及出口处容易出现拥堵现象;安全出口的利用率差异较大;超过一定数量,疏散时间与观众人数呈现明显的线性关系。最后通过对比模拟结果与经验公式计算结果得出:若需考虑细节问题的处理并对疏散过程作进一步的研究,则应优先选择计算机模拟法,否则采用经验公式法比较方便快捷。

In order to study the evacuation rules of gymnasiums,a university gymnasium was taken as the research object.Two evacuation simulation softwares,Pathfinder and STEPS,were used for simulation.Based on the reasonable hypothesis and parameter setting,the evacuation of full audience situation in the gymnasium was simulated,and the influence of the number of spectators on the evacuation time was studied.The simulation results of the two softwares are similar.The results showed that:people tend to be congested in the stand area,evacuation stairs and exits during the evacuation;the utilization ratio of the exit is quite different;the evacuation time and the number of visitors show a significant linear relationship when the number exceeds a certain amount.Finally,by comparing the simulation results with the calculation results of empirical formula,it is concluded that if the details need to be considered and the evacuation process needs to be further studied,the computer simulation method should be preferred,otherwise the empirical formula method is more convenient and efficient.