在建民用建筑火灾风险评估模型构建及应用

Development and application of fire risk assessment model for civil buildings under construction

为客观评估在建民用建筑消防安全状况,构建并应用了一套实用性较强的火灾风险评估模型。分析在建民用建筑火灾特点以及致灾因素,构建在建民用建筑火灾风险综合评价体系。应用层次分析法确定各层级权重,利用模糊综合评价法进行综合评判,建立不同施工阶段在建民用建筑火灾风险评估模型。应用该模型对某在建民用建筑进行安全评估,指导火灾隐患整改,并对整改前后安全风险进行对比。评估结果表明,在建民用建筑最大风险因素为用火用电管理,此结论与实际状况较为相符。

In order to objectively evaluate fire risk of civil buildings under construction,this paper developed a practical fire risk assessment model.First,the paper analyzed fire characteristics and disaster factors of civil buildings under construction,and developed a comprehensive fire risk evaluation system for civil buildings under construction.Then,the Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied to determine the weight of each level,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to make a comprehensive evaluation,and then the fire risk assessment model for civil buildings under construction at different construction stages has been built.Finally,the model was applied to evaluate the risk of a civil building under construction and to guide the rectification of fire hazard.The fire risk before and after the rectification have been compared.The evaluation results showed that the top risk factor of civil buildings under construction was the management of usage of fire and electricity,which was consistent with the actual situation.