基于最不利点视角的多出口建筑应急疏散模型

Multi-exit building emergency evacuation model based on the view of most unfavorable point

为有效评估多出口建筑的人群应急疏散能力,从各疏散路径的最不利点视角分析其疏散过程,首先建立预作用时间、通行时间、滞留时间、步行时间等4个时间段的控制方程及最不利点人员通行时间计算算法,然后构建多出口建筑的人群疏散数学模型。以西安某地铁换乘站为原型,通过数学模型和仿真模型分别计算车站的人员疏散时间。结果表明:疏散过程中,某条疏散路径的最不利点疏散人员在某个通行结构上消耗的通行时间不仅与该结构的通行能力有关,还与到达该通行结构之前经过的所有通行结构的通行能力及它们相互之间的需疏散人数有关;楼梯通行能力以及人员在楼梯上的移动速度均与楼梯宽度呈正相关关系,与人体厚度和宽度呈负相关关系。该疏散模型与仿真模型的计算时间误差仅为1.47%。

In order to effectively evaluate the emergency evacuation capacity of multi-exit buildings,the evacuation process is analyzed from the view of the most unfavorable point of each evacuation path.Firstly,established the governing equations of four periods including pre-action time,travel time,delayed time,and walking time,as well as the algorithm for calculating the travel time of people at an unfavorable point,then constructed a mathematical model for group evacuation of a multi-exit building.Taking a subway transfer station in Xi’an as a prototype,the evacuation time is calculated by mathematical model and simulation model respectively.The results show that during the evacuation process,travel time at the most unfavorable point in a evacuation of a certain evacuation structure is not only related to the evacuation capacity of the structure,but also related to other evacuation structure before passing the evacuation structure,and the number of people to be evacuated.The evacuation capacity of the stairs and the speed of people moving on the stairs are positively related to the width of the stairs.It has a negative correlation with the thickness and width of the human body.The calculation time error with the simulation model is only 1.47%.